1919.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 43 



including those of the protoconch. Suture lines distinct but not 

 impressed. 



Protoconch. — Protoconch small and smooth, not sharply differ- 

 entiated from the ccnch, twice-coiled. Initial turn quite highly 

 inflated, immersed only at the tip. Succeeding volution increas- 

 ing rapidly in diameter and gradually assuming the angular out- 

 line of the whorls of the conch. Opening of conch indicated by 

 the appearance of a faint sculpture and by the sharpening of the 

 shoulder angle. 



Sculpture. — Axial sculpture absent excepting for incrementals; 

 incrementals vigorous, oblique to the sutures, most conspicuous 

 upon the shoulder at their intersection with the moniliform spirals 

 and within the umbilicus. Spiral sculpture of coarse, heavily 

 beaded lirse, 2 in number upon the earliest sculptured whorl, 

 the one outlining the shoulder, the other midway between the 

 shoulder and the anterior suture; a third lira which increases 

 rapidly in prominence until near the aperture it almost, but not 

 quite, equals those on either side, intercalated midway between 

 them; a fourth non-annulate liration emergent from behind the 

 posterior suture of the body whorl and outlining the anterior 

 margin of the periphery. Base ornamented with 4 broad, flat- 

 tened fillets, somewhat irregular in size and spacing, occasionally 

 sulcated medially, and with a fortuitous secondary introduced 

 behind the periphery. Umbilical carina very prominent, heavily 

 annulated. 



Aperture. — Aperture entire, sub-circular in outline. Outer lip 

 heavier and more broadly arcuate than the inner margin, crenu- 

 lated in harmony with the external sculpture. Pillar not rein- 

 forced. Parietal wall heavily glazed. 



Umbilicus. — Umbilicus scalariform, profound, persistent to the 

 apex of the spire, sculptured with indistinct spiral lirse and heavy 

 incrementals. 



Dimensions. — Altitude, 5.7 mm. Maximum diameter, 8.7 mm. 

 Diameter at right angles to the maximum diameter, 7.5 mm. 



Type Locality. — Muldrow's Place, 5 miles southeast of Mayes- 

 ville, Sumter County, South Carolina. Duplin Formation. 



Observations. — Liotia major is much the largest of any of the 

 Liotias recorded from the area under discussion, though not so 

 large as Liotia shacklefordensis Olsson, the closely related York- 

 town analogue. L. major differs from the common co-existent L. 

 gemma in the development of strong basal spirals and in the 



