86 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



afraid lest the animal should have seized Dr. Hooker and crushed him 

 to death. But the driver himself, as Dr. Hooker was assured, ran no 

 risk. This forbearance, under an emergency so dreadful for a heavy 

 animal, is a wonderful proof of noble fidelity." 1 



Many cases of sympathy in monkeys might be given, but I shall 

 confine myself to stating one which I myself witnessed at the Zoologi- 

 cal Gardens. 3 A year or two ago, there was an Arabian baboon and 

 an Anubis baboon confined in one cage, adjoining that which con- 

 tained a dog-headed baboon. The Anubis baboon passed its hand 

 through the wires of the partition, in order to purloin a nut which the 

 large dog-headed baboon had left within reach expressly, I believe, 

 that it might act as a bait. The Anubis baboon very well knew the 

 danger he ran, for he waited until his bulky neighbor bad turned his 

 back upon the nut with the appearance of having forgotten all about 

 it. The dog-headed baboon, however, was all the time slyly looking 

 round with the corner of his eye, and no sooner was the arm of his 

 victim well within his cage than he sprang with astonishing rapidity 

 and caught the retreating hand in his mouth. The cries of the Anu- 

 bis baboon quickly brought the keeper to the rescue, when, by dint 

 of a good deal of physical persuasion, the dog-headed baboon was in- 

 duced to let go his hold. The Anubis baboon then retired to the 

 middle of his cage, moaning piteously, and holding the injured hand 

 against his chest while he rubbed it with the other one. The Arabian 

 baboon now approached him from the top part of the cage, and, while 

 making a soothing sound, very expressive of sympathy, folded the 

 sufferer in its arms exactly as a mother would her child under simi- 

 lar circumstances. It must be stated, also, that this expression of 

 sympathy had a decidedly quieting effect upon the sufferer, his moans 

 becoming less piteous so soon as he was enfolded in the arms of his 

 comforter; and the manner in which he laid his cheek upon the bosom 

 of his friend was as expressive as anything could be of sympathy ap- 

 preciated. This really affecting spectacle lasted a considerable time, 

 and while watching it I felt that, even had it stood alone, it would in 

 itself have been sufficient to prove the essential identity of some of 

 the noblest among human emotions with those of the lower animals. 



If there is any validity in the foregoing antecedent reflections, all 

 who have the opportunity should make a point of observing whether 

 any indications of conscience are perceptible in monkeys, elephants, 

 or intelligent dogs. My own opportunities of observation have been 

 restricted to the last o!" these animals alone, so I shall conclude this 

 article by giving some instances which appear to me very satisfacto- 

 rily to prove that intelligent and sympathetic dogs possess the rudi- 

 ments of a moral sense. 



1 See, also, Hooker's " Himalayan Journal," vol. ii., p. 333 (1854). 



2 I hbpe it is unnecessary to say that, in detailing this and all the subsequent inci- 

 dents, I carefully avoid exaggeration or embellishment of any kind. 



