HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



123 



Band. Azalea (Loiseleuria) procuiiibcns, southern- 

 most peak. BisciiteUa hcvigata, a crucifer, petals 

 yellow ; silicules round, winged. BiipknniDi ranun- 

 ctiloidcs, umbels 3-4 rayed, involucels 5, leafy, 

 oboval, larger than the umbel. Cherleria sedoidcs, 

 Esel {^Alsine Chcrkri, Fenzl). Ccrastium al- 

 f ilium ; Caj-ex tenuis, resembles fcrruginea, but a 

 shorter plant, leaves setaceous, fruit elongate ; 

 atrata, Crepis montaiia, Widderfeld, capitulum 

 single, large ; alpcstris, Tomlisalp, smaller, heads 

 I or 2 ; differs structurally from preceding in 

 its achenes. Chanuzorchis alpina, a small orchid, 

 flowers in a short spike, greenish-yellow, lip yellow, 

 bracts long linear. Chrysanthemum alpinum ; stems 

 almost leafless, monocephalous. Campanula linifolia 

 (= Scheiichzeri) ; barbata, flowers rather large, pale 

 blue. Dryas octopetala. Draba aizoides ; tomentosa, 

 leaves rosulate, tomentose, hairy ; Esel, fissures ; 

 pyrenaica (= petrocallis), leaves rosulate, coriaceous, 

 shining, trifid at the points, Oberhaupt. Elyna 

 spicata {— Kobresia). Erigeron alpinus. Festuca 

 varia ; rocks, leaves more setaceous and rigid than in 

 pumila ; pulchella .{— ScTieuchzeri) radical leaves 

 plicate, fasciculate ; alpina, simply ovitia, dwarfed. 

 Geum montanum, Tomlis and Matt Alps. Globularia 

 nudicaulis ; cordifolia, stems naked or furnished with a 

 scale or two, in this respect resembling nudicaulis, but 

 the leaves are different, usually emarginate, sometimes 

 tridentate at the apex, rocks. Gnaphaliuin dioicum 

 Ca)pathicum, also dicecious ; leaves longer ; involucral 

 scales brownish. Gentiana acaulis ; nivalis ; purpm-ea, 

 akin to lutea ?a\A pujictata ; flowers yellow, sessile in 

 a terminal verticillate fascicle; pumila {=-brachy- 

 phylla), a dwarf form oiBavarica. Habenaria albida, 

 Helianthemum a:landicum, very like canum, which 

 is perhaps merely a hoary variety of it. Hieraciuiii 

 alpinum, heads 1-2, puberulent ; whole plant furnished 

 with white hairs, the black involucre inclusive ; 

 Widderfeld ; villosiun, densely villous, heads large, 

 1-3. Hypochceris ttniflora (= Helvetica), heads very 

 large ; involucral scales brownish. Imperatoria 

 Osfriithium. Lonicera alpigena. Mcchringia poly- 

 gonoides (= arenaria), calyx and pedicels angular; 

 Meum athamanticum. Nigritella angustifolia, an 

 orchid, with flowers of a purplish-black colour in a 

 compact spike ; fragrant. Oxytropis Halleri ( = Ural- 

 ensis). Potentilla aurea. Papaver alpinum, petals 

 white, with a yellow base. Primula auricula; farinosa, 

 dwarf form ; like Scotica—\h.trQ is not much difference. 

 Rosa Pyrenaica, a mere variety of alpina ; peduncles 

 and calyx glandular, hairy ; they are. smooth in 

 alpina. Ranuncitlus montanus ; Villarsii, dwarf 

 plants allied to acris. Rumex scutatus. Sagina 

 nivalis. Silene acaulis and var. exscapa, plentiful 

 on ascent to the Kriesiloch and elsewhere. Spergula 

 saginoides. Sedum atratum, moist rocks ; blackish 

 with branched stems ; inflorescence a cymose 

 corymb ; petals dingy white with a green nerve. 

 Saxifraga oppositifolia ; cccsia, leaves rosulate, 'glau- 



cous, furnished with several pores ; petals white, 

 many-nerved ; androsacea, tufted ; radical leaves 

 spathulate ; flowers white : bryoidcs, a dwarf form 

 of aspera ; tufted, stems one-flowered : cuneifolia, 

 leaves rosulate ; stems slender, inflorescence panicled ; 

 petals white, with a yellow spot at the base. Tri- 

 folium alpinum : Widderfeld ; peduncles radical, 

 flowers large, purple, leaflets narrow. Thcsium 

 alpinunt, Veronica alpina; saxatilis ; fruticulosa. 

 Viola calcarata ; stems single-flowered, flowers large 

 with a spur of equal length ; also var. Jlava ; on the 

 Band ; Cenisii, spur shorter, usually of a pale yellow 

 colour, without streaks ; biflora. 



The descent to Alpnacht is for the first three miles 

 over debris, between the Tomlis and Matt Alps ; the 

 path to the left between the Esel and Mattalp leads 

 to the steamboat pier. At the chalets of Hinter 

 Fracmund there is a steep footpath to the Musfluh 

 and Widderfeld summit ; it passes the Mondmilch 

 loch en route, a cavern so called because of the water 

 saturated with chalk which issues from it ; near this 

 cavern, growing on rotting pine stems, in a mossy 

 copse, is \_Corallorrhiza innata ; beyond and above 

 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Coronilla vaginalis, Poten- 

 tilla caulescens ; inflorescence corymbose ; petals 

 white. Rhamnus pumila, &c. &c> From Hinter 

 Fracmund downwards with frequent turnings through 

 interminable stretches of pine forest, and lastly over 

 meadows to the village. 



(71; be continued.^ 



RECREATIONS IN FOSSIL BOTANY. 



SiGILLARIA. 



No. IV. 

 By James Spencer. 



SIGILLARIA is one of the most abundant and 

 one of the most characteristic of the fossil 

 plants of the coal formation. About forty species 

 are known : of this number about a dozen species 

 are commonly met with in our Yorkshire coal strata. 

 It appears to have been a tall, straight, and un- 

 branching tree, often attaining the height of 60 or 

 70 feet (Lyell). The stem was fluted longitudinally 

 into ridges and furrows, and in some species was 

 covered with long, narrow leaves. These leaves 

 were arranged on the ridges in various ways, some- 

 times one leaf, and, in other cases, two or more 

 springing from the same base, and as the tree con- 

 tinued to grow higher, the leaves fell off, leaving 

 their various forms of insertion to adorn the bare 

 lower part of the trunks which then exhibited a 

 great variety of patterns, which along with variations 

 in the size and form of the ridges and furrows, have 

 in the fossil state given rise to the various species. 



There is no plant known in the whole of the 

 vegetable kingdom at the present day which can 



G 2 



