HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



207 



entirely different " palreontological " appearance, so 

 that, for instance, deep sea species occur accidentally in 

 littoral deposits, which is perhaps not surprising if we 

 consider the enormous number of individuals, which, 

 with the smallness of their shells, makes it probable 

 that many are carried off by currents, storms and 

 tides, or in the stomachs of animals into parts of the 

 sea in which they could not exist. For instance, we 

 find over ten species of the deeper sea beds of the 

 lower Aargovian group (zone of Ammonites trattsver- 

 sariiis) in the hard limestones of the upper Aargovian 

 with littoral fauna. Even some of the Dentalina 

 and Rotulina of the Callovian appear again in deep 

 sea and littoral deposits of the malm. 



Some kinds range through almost the whole 

 Jurassic formation, for instance Cristdlaria communis 

 Kiib. in almost equal abundance, others are found in 

 several zones, but most of them only in one. Amongst 

 the latter, Globigcrina Ilelveto-Jiirassica, Hr., was 

 only observed in the hard limestones with A. traiis- 

 versarius north of the Aar valley, while in equally 

 fossiliferous parts of the canton it is wanting. The 

 Rhaetian group is by far the least favourable, as the 

 shells are always in a very bad state, which does not 

 allow to determine the genera. In the lower Sine- 

 murian {Am. Bitcklandi), they are represented by 

 numerous species belonging to the genera Cristel- 

 laria, Frondicularia, Lagenulina, Vaginulina, Margi- 

 nulina and Cornuspira. The relation of numbers of 

 genera is about the same throughout the whole 

 Aargovian Lias. With the Dogger Ophthalmidium 

 becomes most abundant and characteristic. Certain 

 beds of the Balhonian are crowded with them, but 

 also Cristellaria, Frondicularia, Nodosaria and 

 Cornuspira are still numerous. Towards the upper 

 limit, Textilaria and chiefly Rotalina and Liticola are 

 represented by many species. It may be noted here that 

 in the upper Bayocian oolites I met several times 

 with very minute navicula-like or discoidal silicious 

 bodies, which I should refer to diatoms, if not, by 

 partial chemical changes, the surface was rough, and 

 therefore no pallerus visible. Already in the yellow- 

 ish clay limestones with A. Lamberti, the Rotalina, 

 Textilaria, Dentalina and Cornuspira become preva- 

 lent, until they reach the maximum of their develop- 

 ment in the lower malm. In the limestones the shells 

 are as a rule partly destroyed by pseudomorphoses ; so 

 that, for instance, I meet often Globigerina witJi cal- 

 careous or silicious shells, or their casts of glauconite 

 pyrites or hydroxide of iron, all lying close together. 

 Almost all the species of the lower Sequanian (zone 

 oi Am. bimammatits) are met with again in the hard 

 limestones of the Kimeridgian ; but none of them 

 seem to be identical with those from English upper 

 Jurassic strata. After the characteristic species it is 

 possible to divide the Jurassic sediments in numerous 

 distinct Foraminifera-zones, which will be easier to 

 draw up, as even so-called unfossiliferous beds are 

 generally rich in Foraminifera. Of course these divi- 



sions will be somewhat different in every country, 

 but we hope that further researches will complete 

 the list of the characteristic Foraminifera, and thus 

 give a new mean of comparing deposits in different 

 countries where the microscopical fauna is often so 

 entirely changeable. 



A RAMBLE IN HAYLING ISLAND. 



ON one of those lovely days in August, which we 

 had in the pleasant summer of 1S80, an out- 

 ing at Hayling was determined on. In the southern 

 part of the island were clover fields in abundance, and 

 a beautiful track of Lucerne [Hfcdicago sativa) with 

 flowers of varying hues, from very pale lilac to deep 

 purple. These leguminosce being the favourite haunt 

 of the clouded yellow [Colias Edusa), its capture 

 there was hoped for, but not an example could be 

 seen. In North Hayling, however, some half-dozen 

 were subsequently observed flying rapidly, with the 

 wind, over the barley. We soon met with the 

 roast-beef plant [Iris fcetidissima) with its leaves of 

 peculiar odour, but none of its pretty-striped blos- 

 soms, or even of its coral-like fruit, could be found. 

 It occurred in several places. On the shore we saw 

 abundance of the marsh samphire {Salicornia radicals) 

 with its tawny stems growing with the common 

 species, -S". hcrbacca. Thus intermingled they could 

 be readily distinguished. The golden samphire 

 {Inula crithmoides) probably grows at Hayling, as it 

 has been noted near Prinstead and at Bosham. 

 Proceeding to the shingle, we sought in vain for the 

 true or sea samphire {Crithmiim maritimum) which 

 we found there some years ago ; but according to an 

 old Flora, it is rare on this part of the coast, and 

 loves lofty cliffs, as those of Dover, where it grew in 

 Shakespeare's days. 



"Dizzy 'tis to cast one's eyes so low; 

 The crows and choughs that wing the midway air 

 Show scarce as gross as beetles. Half-way down 

 Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade! 

 Methinks he seems no bigger than his head. 

 The fishermen that walk upon the beach 

 Appear like mice." 



It was as difficult of attainment as the Edelweiss, 

 yet may still be occasionally met with in Sussex. 



Old Gerard, who lived in Queen Elizabeth's reign, 

 has some quaint observations on the samphire's 

 occurring on the south coast. " Rocke Sampler," 

 he says, " groweth on the rockie cliffs at Dover, 

 Winchelsey by Rie, about Southampton, the Isle of 

 Wight, and most rockes about the west and north- 

 west parts aboutEngland. It flourisheth in May and 

 June, and must be gathered in August to be kept in 

 pickle. Eaten in sallads, with oil and vinegar, it 

 is a pleasant sauce, agreeing with man's body, and 

 stirreth up an appetite to meat." And the " golden 

 sampler" he accurately describes as " bringing forth 



