SEA-BOTTtiMS AND CALCRETES. [55 



North of Oheval Paar, 7 fathoms. This consisted of a fine quartz sand 

 with black grains, contained 28'36 per cent, of carbonate of lime, and included a few 

 encrusted shells and Echinoeyamus. 



Son t h-w e s t C orne r o f Che v a 1 P a a r, 8 fathoms. A fairly coarse shelly 

 sand, with uniform grains about 5 millims. diameter, made up the bulk of the material. 

 Natica, Pearl Oysters, Starfish arms, large Heterostegina , Nullipores and spines of 

 Echinoderms also occurred in the coarser part. 



The finer portion contained very little quartz, a little ilmenite and kyanite, sponge 

 spicules, and the 34 "32 per cent, of carbonate of lime was made up principally of 

 Foraminifera and young Molluscs. 



Middle of South End of Cheval Paar, 7 fathoms, immediately North 

 of Shoal Buoy. This was nearly all tine sand of a light grey colour. 



Pearl < )yster, Pectuncuhis, Lima, Natica, Modiola, and Chank shells were common, 

 not very fresh and thickly encrusted. Barnacle valves, Sabellaria tubes and 

 Echinoderms also occurred. Several pieces, about 1 inch long, of a chalky white stone 

 on cutting proved to be decomposed Nullipore on the outside, and dark brown 

 compact limestone with quartz and garnets in the interior. 



The tine material yielded 22 '20 per cent, of carbonate of lime, and contained quartz, 

 zircon, kyanite, garnets, tourmaline, corundum, rutile, and mica with shell fragments, 

 Foraminifera, and sponge spicules. 



Shoal Buoy, 3f fathoms, is near the north-west termination of a spit of sand 

 which extends from Karativo to Cheval Paar. 



The bottom consisted of clean white sand with shells, 3 '09 per cent, of carbmiate of 

 lime, and included a number of small black grains. The largest sand grain was 

 7 millims. in diameter. The shells were fresh, and some had the two valves in 

 position. 



In addition to quartz, garnets, kyanite, corundum, tourmaline, rutile, and ilmenite. 

 were a few Foraminifera. 



Sou tli Cheval Paar, 5-^ fathoms. This was made up of a coarse sand with 

 shells, some of the latter very fresh, with valves in apposition and retaining the 

 epidermis. 



The sand cakes on drying, owing to the presence of a considerable amount of mud. 

 Pearl Oysters, Modiola, Area, Pectuncuhis, Nassa, Murex, Lithothamnion, and a 

 shark's tooth, occurred in the coarser stuff, and quartz well rounded, ilmenite, 

 magnetite, garnet; tourmaline, zircon, and sillimanite were contained in the finer. 

 No sponge spicules and very few Foraminifera were found. 



S o u t h o f Cheval P a a r a coarse quartz sand occurs. 



Dealing now with the rocks brought up from the Cheval Paar we find : 



Norther n m o s t end o f E a s t C h e v a 1 is a mass of broken down coral. It 

 is white in colour, with black grains filling in the pores. There is a slight iron stain 

 round each grain. Only a few pieces of quartz are found adhering The mass is 



x 2 



