378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895. 



between the central basin and the Tennessee River is from 300 to 

 400 feet. 



Trips were made from Bellevue to Nashville and southward into 

 adjoining parts of Williamson county. 



4. Chattanooga and Sawyer's Springs, Hamilton County; May 

 24th to June 2nd. 



Owing to their proximity, and the fact that my visit to Sawyer's 

 Springs lay within the above dates (May 28th, 29th aud 30th), I 

 include both localities under one division. 



Chattanooga lies between the southern base of Walden's Ridge, 

 belonging to the Cumberland Mountain system, and the northern 

 base of the Lookout Mountain range, on the eastern bank of the 

 Tennessee River. Its elevation above the sea is about 800 feet ; the 

 elevation of Lookout Mountain being 1,600 feet higher, and that of 

 Walden's Ridge about 1,800 feet above the sea. The Tennessee 

 Valley at Chattanooga is much narrowed and circumscribed by the 

 mountains. The bottom lands are very fertile, supporting formerly 

 a heavy growth of poplar, oak, gum, ash and walnut ; among the 

 foothills pines and chestnut oaks are abundant. 



The valley formation is limestone ; that of the mountains lime- 

 stone overlaid by horizontal strata of the coal measures, and topped 

 by the sandstone table-lands which form the Cumberland plateau. 



Sawyer's Springs is a health resort on Walden's ridge, about 

 twelve miles north of Chattanooga. 



Its elevation and sandy soil present us with a marked change in 

 climatic conditions as contrasted with the Tennessee Valley immedi- 

 ately below it. Laurels, rhododendrons and hemlocks fringe the 

 streams; oak, chestnut, holly, juniper and short-leafed pines give 

 the mountains much the aspect of such elevations in northeastern 

 Pennsylvania, and the fauna is of a similar character. 



Walden's Ridge bounds the Tennessee Valley from Chattanooga 

 northwest to and beyond Harrimau, its precipitous walls formiug the 

 eastern escarpment of the Cumberland plateau, its width ranging 

 from five to fifteen miles. Collecting around Chattanooga was 

 greatly facilitated by the use of a bicycle, trips being made to the 

 Georgia line, up the Tennessee, and up the valley on the western side 

 of the river. 



5. Harrimau, Roane County; June 2nd to 5th. 



A town on the east bank of Emory River, near its junction with 



