1895.] NATURAL, SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 509 



was partly decayed, it was covered with a small heap of dark earth 

 immediately preliminary to beginning the monnd. 



Each end of the grave was followed to the red gravel, found at 

 two feet from the head and the same distance from the feet of the 

 skeleton. It could not be ascertained whether the same slope con- 

 tinued outward from these points as from the sides ; for the eastern 

 end was three feet beyond the bank surrounding the area being ex- 

 amined, making it dangerous to follow farther; while at the other 

 end nothing could be made out with certainty, as other operations, 

 carried on about the same time, had encroached on this space. 



Figure 1 shows a cross-section; and Figure 2 a longitudinal sec- 

 tion of so much as was definitely outlined. 



d 



( F"- ::fe ^ 



Fig. 1. Cross section, nrst grave. Volganiore mound. 



ZZZZT 



fete 



e--' 

 Fig. 2. Longitudinal section, first grave. Volgamore mound. 



a. Black soil, 1 foot. 



b. Red gravel, 2 feet. 



c. Gray sand, bottomless. 



d. Mixed earth filling grave and continous with that of the mound above. 



e. Ashes; charcoal, and burned earth. 1 inch thick. 



f. Skeleton. 



g. Red gravel, 2 to 3 inches thick (deposited). 

 h. Gray sand, 3 to 4 inches thick (deposited). 



.... (Dotted lines.) Decayed wood and bark, varying in thickness from a 



streak to 6 inches. 

 Zig-zag line in Fig. 2 denotes limit of certainty regarding structure. 

 Scale : one-ninth of one inch equals one foot. 



The second grave was by far the largest that has been recorded in 

 this region. Its dip began on the south side at the margin of the 

 forty -foot circle cleared out; on the north side, a foot south and two 

 feet west of the assumed center mark of the tumulus. The outline 

 was tortuous, but could easily be traced by the decayed wood which 



