512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895. 



Note. — During extended researches in the Florida mounds a considerable col- 

 lection of objects of copper, almost exclusively ornaments, has been gathered. 



These ornaments, with the exception of several heavy 

 beads , are of thin sheet copper. The only other obj ects 

 of copper not purely ornamental are piercing imple- 

 ments, sometimes pointed at both ends, and these a 

 careful examination shows usually to be made of 

 sheet copper hammered around and around on 

 itself. It is interesting to note that in Ohio, a region 

 where objects of solid copper are of not infrequent 

 Fig. 9. Section of copper occurrence, a use of sheet copper similar to that seen 

 bracelet. (Twiceactual in Florida is observed. 



Slze '' A number of the bracelets found by Mr. Fowke, 



by their weight, lighter than their size would indi- 

 cate, seem to be of sheet copper. Fig. 9 gives a section of the bracelet, once 

 enlarged. 



C. B. M. 



The Caldwell Mound. 



Where the Scioto River passes from Pike in Scioto county the 

 terraces bordering it are reduced to two ; the first is subject to over- 

 flow, while the second marks the highest level at which drift was 

 deposited in this vicinity. A few hundred feet south of the county 

 line, sixteen miles from the Ohio River, on the farm of Mr. S. A. 

 Caldwell, a mound nine feet high and seventy-five feet in diameter 

 at the base stood on the brink of the higher terrace ; in the same 

 field are two smaller mounds; and skeletons with pottery and other 

 relics have been found near the surface in excavating for gravel 

 along the slope. 



On the larger mound a circle forty feet in diameter was laid off, 

 with the apex as a center, and all within this limit removed to the 

 undisturbed earth beneath. The structure was composed entirely of 

 the clayey soil and clay subsoil which here overlie the gray gravel ; 

 it was quite dry and packed so hard that the entire mass had to be 

 loosened with picks. Roughly- finished arrow-heads, flint chips, and 

 a few fragments of pottery, the latter of clay and coarsely-pounded 

 stone, were scattered promiscuously through it. Near the outer wall 

 of the excavated area on the east and south sides were several root 

 holes, denoting that small trees, three to six inches in diameter, had 

 been burned or cut off before the mound was begun. These were 

 not post-holes, like those to be described, for they went much deeper 

 and turned aside at or near the lowest point to which they could be 

 followed. 



