PROBLEMS OF MODERN SCIENCE 



alone was then worth 30,000 a year to the 

 farmers. This was because, in the meantime, a 

 private individual had, at his own expense, intro- 

 duced humble-bees into the country. Sprengel's 

 discoveries in Pure Biology had indeed fructified 

 abundantly. 



At the present day we owe more than we can 

 possibly realise to the applied sciences that draw 

 their inspiration from Pure Biology. I need only 

 mention Medicine, Surgery, Parasitology, Forestry, 

 Agriculture, Plant and Animal Breeding, Horti- 

 culture, and Fisheries. 



We must not forget, however, that the debt 

 is to some extent mutual, and that the human 

 anatomists and physiologists, for example, may 

 justly claim that it was the mainly utilitarian study 

 of their subjects from the medical point of view 

 that laid the foundations of Comparative Anatomy 

 and Physiology, to say nothing of Botany and 

 Zoology. 



Nevertheless, pure science must be regarded 

 as the root of the tree, and applied science as the 

 fruit, or at least as that part of the fruit that is 

 usually considered most worth gathering. Other 

 fruits there are, and perhaps more palatable but 

 fortunately they are not marketable. It is not 

 they that appeal to the holders of the purse-strings ; 

 but these important personages would do well to 

 realise that you cannot grow apple-trees in window- 

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