552 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



winter-ponds, since, at any rate, the tench cannot be left over winter 

 with the carp in the shallow ponds, inasmuch as they constantly stir 

 up the sediment at the bottom and thereby disturb the young carp. In 

 the winter-ponds the different kinds of carp can easily be kept together, 

 as they generally remain very quietly at the bottom as soon as they 

 have found a place to suit them. 



Sale-ponds are receptacles only for fish ready to be sold. They should 

 not be too large, since it is desirable that the fish may easily be taken 

 out with a bag-net. It is best to have them near the house, or at any 

 rate well guarded and locked. A constant stream of water should pass 

 through them, and at the place where the water flows in there should 

 be a strong wooden embankment, as the carp are apt to excavate the 

 earth round the opening. The sides of these ponds are sodded, and the 

 channel through which the water flows off should be so arranged as to 

 be proof against every danger of a break. These ponds ought to be 

 examined and cleaned every summer. They should have a depth of 6 

 feet, so that the bottom may not freeze. 



Care should be taken in winter to keep some openings in the ice and 

 maintain the inward and outward flow of the water. This object is 

 most effectually secured by placing bundles of straw or reeds in both 

 the openings. One or more holes, in proportion to the size of the pond, 

 should constantly be kept open in the ice. 



It must be understood that there are many rules to be observed, and 

 much work to be done, which, if minutely treated, would require a very 

 lengthy and detailed description, and which, indeed, would be out of 

 place here, as there are so many local differences to be taken into ac- 

 count in deciding what is the best plan to pursue. 



In Holstein, where carp-raising on a large scale has been carried on 

 from very early times, almost every farm has its own method of pro- 

 cedure. In one thing, however, all are agreed, viz, that carp-raising 

 can only be carried on regularly and profitably by the most judicious 

 treatment. A careful choice of ponds, the selection of a superior breed 

 of carp, and careful treatment of the fish will always yield the largest 

 profits. 



B— CARP-CULTUKE IN EAST PEUSSIA. 

 By R. Struvy.* 



The undulating character of the surface of East Prussia favors the 

 construction of ponds, and led to extensive breeding of fish at an early 

 day, the heavy rains of that northern climate furnishing the necessary 

 water in abundance. 



At the time of the Teutonic Order the province is said to have pos- 

 sessed an uuusual supply of fish, and traces of that period are even yet 

 to be seen, not only in the numerous ruined dams, but also in some that 



"Unsere Karpfenzucht. <Xaudwirthschaft und Industrie. Herausgegeben von 

 August Wieneke. Berlin : 7. Jahrgang, 1875, Jan., p. 8, 9. 



