V.-ACCOUNT OF THE FISHERIES AND SEAL-HUNTING IN THE 

 WHITE SEA, THE ARCTIC OCEAN, AND THE CASPIAN SEA. 



By Alexander Schultz. 



The similarity ill many respects between the fish and fisheries of the 

 great lakes and the northeastern coast of the United States and those of 

 certain portions of Russia has induced me to print the very interesting 

 and important memoir of Mr. Schultz,* prepared to accouipany the Rus- 

 sian display of fishery-products, implements, &c, at the Vienna Expo- 

 sition. In regard to the conversion of the sturgeon, so abundant in the 

 United States, and until lately considered a refuse fish, into a valuable 

 article of trade, the memoir will be found replete with valuable informa- 

 tion. It also details novel modes of capturing and utilizing the cod, the 

 herring, the salmon, the seals, and the smaller cetaceans, (porpoises, &c.) 

 many of them perfectly available in the United States, and worthy of 

 introduction. — [S. F. Balrd.] 



In the district of Archangel, large fishing-villages are found on the 

 coasts of the White Sea, especially near the mouths of rivers and 

 streams, such as the Dwina, the Onega, the Souma, the Kem, the Kovda, 

 the Niva, the Oumba, and the Varzoukha. A still larger portion of the 

 population of the cities of Archaugel, Onega, and Kem, as well as of the 

 town of Souma, devote themselves exclusively to fishing and trading in 

 fish. The coast of the Arctic Ocean which extends east of the White 

 Sea has a very sparse population. Only here and there, at a great dis- 

 tance from each other, are seen the wretched huts of fishermen, inhab- 

 ited only in the summer, and the felt tents of Samoyed families, who 

 also live by fishing. The inhabitants of the town of Mezene, and those 

 of the village of Poustozersk, at the mouth of the Petshora, are engaged 

 either in fishing Or hunting the seal or the walruss. 



Not more than 3,000 fishermen live in the vast region of the Lower 

 Petshora, extending three hundred versts (about one hundred and ninety- 

 eight miles) along the shores of the sea, and four hundred versts (about 

 two hundred and sixty-eight miles) up the river. The Lapland coast, 

 with the exception of the Kola Peninsula, is entirely uninhabited as far 

 as the Norwegian frontier. Only nomadic Laplanders show themselves 



*Ministere ties doruaines. Comite" special, charge" de la collection des produits des in- 

 dustries rurales et forestieres pour l'exposition universelle de Vienne. — Notice sur le 

 pickeries et la chasse aux phoques daus la Mer Blanche, FOc6an Glacial et la Mer Caa 

 pienue. Par Alexandre Schultz, conseillor d'etat actuel et president de l'adininistra- 

 tiou des pecheries d' Astrakhan. — St. Pe"tershourg, 1873. 8vo, 80 pp., 2 1. 



