XXVI REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



streams. The mean temperature for the Sacramento for July, said to 

 be of ten years' observations, is given at 74°.G6.* 



The temperature for the McCloud River was observed between the 

 Gth of July and the 12th of November, 1874, at 6 a. in., 3 p. m., and 6 

 p. m. by Mr. Livingston Stone, the maxima, minima, and means of which 

 will be found in the following table : 



Temperature, air and water, at McCloud River hatching-station. 



*** llg; 



Aug-t \ii«*»i\ 



September... jgjg; 



O^ober {|1 days; 



November... J j^ays; 



67 observations 

 73 observations 



87 observations 

 86 observations 

 78 observations 

 77 observations 



88 observations 

 91 observations 

 30 observations 

 28 observations 



Air or 

 water. 



Air .. . 

 Water 

 Air . . . 

 Water 

 Air... 

 Water 

 Air . . . 

 Water 

 Air . .. 

 Water 



Maximum. 



o 



106 

 62 

 97 

 60 



100 

 58 

 96 

 55 

 58 

 50 



Minimum. 



48 

 54 

 43 

 52 

 37. 

 49 

 35 

 42 

 35 

 42 



Mean. 



76.4 



57 



70.7 



55. 9 



67.8 



51.1 



56.56 



49.8 

 48.4 

 46. 89 



Observations of the temperatures of the Columbia River have beeu 

 kindly furnished by the firm of the Oregon Packing Company, J. W. & 

 !N. Cook, proprietors. These were made in the mouths of May, June, 

 July, and August, 1S75, at 7 a. m. and 12 m. The results are shown in 

 the following table : 



Water. 



May, 22 days ; 44 observations 



June. 26 days ; 52 observations . . . 

 July, 27 days ; 54 observations - . . 

 August, 12 days ; 24 observations 



Water 

 Water 

 Water 

 Water . 



Maximum. Minimum 



56 

 61 



70 

 70 



Mean. 



By this series of temperatures, which exhibits the maxima, minima, 

 and means of the waters where the fish have their natural home, we are 

 enabled to judge as to the" degree of warmth they may be expected to 

 endure when transported to new waters. The testimony as to the 

 warmth of the San Joaquin water is the most important, reaching, 

 as it does, a maximum of 84°, and showiug a mean of nearly 80° daring 

 the two months the salmon are ascending in large numbers. But the 

 high temperature is not the only seeming trouble they encouuter. Ac- 

 cording to the observer at the San Joaquin bridge, the water was very 

 turbid at the time it was so warm, yet the salmon, passing up in large 

 numbers, appeared in the clear waters of the tributaries higher up in a 

 healthy, vigorous condition. 



Taking into consideration the temperature, the turbidity, the volume, 

 the velocity, and the characters of the sources, as well as the other 

 physical conditions of the rivers inhabited by the California salmon, it 

 seems probable that a very large number of the rivers of the Eastern 



* Proceeding of the Agassiz Institute, Sacrameuto, California. Annual address and 

 report on physics, &c, of Sacramento River, by Thomas M. Logan, M. D., president, 

 October 20, 1873. 



