HERRING-FISHERIES ON THE COAST OF SWEDEN. 139 



fishing-implements; 1 by interfering with the spawning-process f- by in- 

 terfering with the spaioning -places generally, 3 and particularly by drag- 

 nets, 4 or by throwing offal in the water; 5 by leaving dead ■ herring at the 

 bottom of the sea ; 6 by throwing the guth and gills of fish into the water f 

 by polluting the water through offal of blubber and similar matter; 8 by 

 the increasing number of the enemies of the herring. 9 



3. That the herrings left the coast from an innate desire of roaming. w 



4. That the herrings were obliged to leave, because there was no longer a 

 sufficient supply of food. 11 



The validity of these causes has been disputed almost immediately 

 after they had been put forward, and even now there is not one of them 

 which has been unanimously recognized as the probable cause of the 

 repeated disappearance of the great Bohus-lan fisheries. 12 It was thus, 

 c. g., denied at the inquest of 1833 that the herring was destroyed 

 through too much fishing, 13 and that it was driven away by noise, u offal 

 of blubber, 15 &c. 



A more extensive and valuable criticism of these supposed causes 

 has been given by Kroyer, 16 0. N. Ldberg, 17 Axel Boeclc, 13 and others. 



I Nilsson, Handl. ror. Sillf., pp. 17, 138.— Skandinav. Fauna, iv, pp. 501, 505. — Widegren, 

 Nya Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 33. 



- Nilsson, Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 51, n. b. — Loven, Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 161. Nya Handl. ror. 

 •Sillf., p. 04. 



3 Nilsson, Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 51, n. b. — Sundevall, Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 153. — Widegren, 

 Nya Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 33. 



4 Loven, Handl. ror. Sillf., pp. 161, 162. — Ekstrom, Praktisk af handling, pp. 7, 19. 

 Nilsson, Skandinav. Fauna, iv, pp. 514-515. — Widegren, Nya Handl. ror. Sillf., ]). 33. 



6 Trangrumsacten, pp. 158, 161, 163,164, 167, 186-187. — Nilsson, Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 41.— 

 Skandinavisk Fauna, iv,p. 514. — Sundevall, Handl. ror. Sillf., pp. 152, 153. — Loven, Handl. 

 ror. Sillf., p. 161. — Elcstrom, Praktisk af handling, pp. 7-8. 



« Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 99 fr. 10.— Lundbeck, Autekuingar, pp. 32-33.— Wright, W. von, 

 Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 174. — Sars, G. 0., Indberetuiug f. 1873, p. 45. Trangrumsacten, pp. 

 177, 182. 



7 Loven, Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 161. 



s Nilsson, Handl. ror. Sillf., pp. 41, 138.— Skandinav. Fauna, iv, pp. 505, blA.—Lundlecl:, 

 Autekuingar, p. 31. — Lov6n, Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 161. — Wright, W. von, Handl. ror. Sillf., 

 pp. 172-174. — Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 94, p. 116 fr. 9. — Trangrumsacten, pp. 153, 154, 155, 165, 

 172, 176, 183, 185, 186, 188. 



^ Dull, K., Vet. Akad:s Handl. f. 1817, p. 45. 



io Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 94, p. 99 fr. 9, p. Ill fr. 7, p. 115 fr. 7, p. 128 fr. 24.— Yarrell, 

 British Fishes, 3 ed., i, p. 101. — Boeclc, Om Sildeu og Sildefiskerierne, p. 85. 



II Sars, G. O., Indberetuiug f. 1873, p. 58. — Cedcrstrbm, Fiskodling och Sveriges Fiske- 

 xier, p. 213 anm., 216. Trangrumsacten, pp. 164, 167. — Lundleclc, Antekningar, p. 26. — 

 Mosen, A. von, Yttrande till Commerce-Collegium d. 8 Juli 1829. 



12 Boeclc, Om Silden og Sildefiskerierne, p. 85. 



13 Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 87 fr. 15 p. 98 fr. 8, p. 110 fr. 4, p. 122 fr. 23, p. 128 fr. 24.— Nils- 

 son, Handl. ror. Sillf., pp. 137-138. 



" Handl. ror, Sillf., p. 92, 95, 99 fr. 10, p. 115 fr. 8, p. 122 fr. 23, p. 128 fr. 24. 

 » Handl. ror. Sillf., p. 99 fr. 10, p. 105 fr. 13, p. 110 fr. 5, p. 115 fr. 9, p. 121 fr. 23, p. 

 128 fr. 24. 



16 Danmarks Fiske., iii, pp. 164-167. 



17 Norges Fiskerier, pp. 8, 9. 



I8 0m Silden og Sildefiskerierne, pp. 86-102, 119. 



