XXXIV -THE FOOD AND MODE OF LIVING OF THE SALMON, 



THE TROUT, AND THE SHAD. 



By D. Barfurth.* 



PREFATORY NOTE. 



A few preliminary remarks are demanded in explanation of this article. 



The question investigated is whether the catching of what is called 

 " Ruinpchen " in certain parts of Germany (and in this case in the vicinity 

 of Bonn) is injurious in reference to the species of economical importance. 

 As the investigation has reference to forms or combinations which have 

 certain technical designations without exact English synonyms, those 

 designations are retained in the translation. They may be explained as 

 follows : 



" Ruinpchen " is the collective name for small fresh-water fishes in 

 Western Germany, and under it are confounded small full-grown fishes 

 as well as the young of larger species. There is no exact English equiv- 

 alent for the term ; the word " minnows" being restricted properly to 

 small cyprinoids, while " fry," although sometimes used as a collective 

 name for small fishes, is in intention applicable rather to the very young 

 of various species. 



It has been also deemed expedient to retain the German names of 

 the several species in question. These, however, have exact English 

 synonyms, viz : 



The " Lutter-Riimpchen," or " Siisse Rumpchen, " (Cobitis barbatula,) 

 is the " loach " of the English. 



The " Riedlingchen," or " Bitter-Riimpchen," (PJioximis Icevis,) is the 

 "minnow" of the English. 



The "Gliwchen" (Gobio flunatilis) is the "gudgeon" of the English. 



The "Kaulkopf" (Uranidea or Cottus gobio) is the "ruiller's-thuinb" of 

 the English. 



The word "Gesams" corresponds as nearly as may be with the En- 

 glish word "fry." 



The species whose food has been especially examined have been 

 named in accordance with the views of Siebold, and are respectively 



* Ueber Nahrung und Lebensweise der Saline, Forellen uud Maifische. — Inaugural- 

 Dissertation zur Erlauguug der Doctorwiirde bei der philosopbischen Facultiit der 

 Rheinischen Friedrick-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Bonn eingereicbtuud mitden beigefiig- 

 ten Tbesen vertbeidigt am 19. December 1874 von D. Barfurth, stud. rer. nat. aus 



Dinslaken Bonn, Druck von CarlGeorgi. 1874. [8vo, 41 pp.] — Reprinted from 



Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. Translated by O. Jacobsou. 



