ON THE TRANSPORTATION OF SHAD. 371' 



On the 14th, a cloudy day, the smallest shad during the season were 

 obtained. Their length varied from 1£ inches to 2 inches. A compara- 

 tive experiment was made with spring and river water. Four shad 

 were put into the jar with the river-water. The water of the river at 

 the time of capture was 70°. A supply of one-eighth was afforded every 

 two hours until the 17th, when the time was increased to three hours, 

 but a larger supply of water afforded. The temperature remained quite 

 even, the variation being between 67° and 70°. 



Of the four fish put in the jar with the river- water, two died at 12 

 p. m., having lived about seven hours; the remaining two lived forty- 

 nine hours. 



In the spring- water test the fish were placed in the jar after the river- 

 water fish had all died, or after sixty hours. Three had died in the can 

 the first day. Two more died after one hundred and thirty-six hours. 

 One of those remaining died after one hundred and fifty-seven hours, 

 and one after one hundred and sixty-eight hours. The air-temperatures 

 ranged from 62° to 70°, and the water from 64° to G7°. 



The next capture of shad was made on the 17th of September, at 5 

 p. in. Four were put into a four-gallon jar, and three put into a three- 

 gallon jar. The former were supplied with spring-water, the latter with 

 river-water. After sixty-one hours one was dead in the spring- water 

 and two in the river- water. The temperature at this time for air and 

 water both had varied between 59° and 66°. 



The subsequent variation was greater. The air ranged from 46° to 

 89° and the water from 50° to 65°. The high temperatures of the air 

 were during short periods of the day, so that the water did not attain 

 the high degrees of heat which the atmosphere did. The fluctuations 

 in one day, however, amounted to from 50° to 65°. After 136 hours 

 there had been one death more in each. After 1G0 hours there was 

 another death in the spring-water, and one lived 253 hours, or 10 daya 

 and 13 hours. 



An experiment was made in keeping five or six fish at a time in the 

 hatching-boxes, where the current kept a good change of water contin- 

 ually. The fish lived from two to three days. 



A dozen fish were put in a forty-gallon can, and the water was renewed 

 from a hose continually. They varied in size from 2 to 3£ inches. The 

 temperature remained quite eveuly at 60°. A few lived three days. 



On the 28th an experiment was made with shad, the water-supply 

 being afforded every three hours. Nine fish were put into the forty-gal- 

 lon can. The temperatures ranged from, for the air, 46° to 66°, and the 

 water, 50° to 60°. Six fish died after 33 hours, one after 51 hours, one 

 after 66 hours, and one after 87 hours. 



The use of gravel in the bottom of the jars evidently provided food 



to some extent. Shad retained in a jar until quite weak worked busily 



awhile among it, and revived so as to outlive the others about 15 hours. 



In the stomach of a shad about 2 J inches long I took fourteen small 



black flies. The contents of other stomachs were of a reddish hue. 



