CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XIL 



Valparaiso.— Excursion to the Foot of the Amies 

 — Structure of the Land— Ascend tlie IJell of 

 Quillotii — Shattered Masses of (ireenstone — 

 Immense Valleys — Mines — State cf Miners 

 — S:intia;(0 — Hot-baths of (vauquencs — (iuld- 

 mines — (Jrindin;,'-mills — Ferlorated Stones 

 — Habits of the I'uma — El Turco and Tapa- 

 colo — Humming-birds 2j2 



CHAPTER xnr. 



Chiloe — General Aspect— Boat Excursion — 

 Native Indians -Ciistr; — Tame Fox— Ascend 

 Siin I'edro — Clionos Archipela<;o -Peninsula 

 of Tres Montes — Granit.c ltin;,'e — Hoat- 

 wrecked Sailors— Low's Harbour— Wild I'o- 

 tito — Formation of Peat — Myopotamns, 

 Otter and Mice — Cheucau and Harkin;:-bird 

 — Opetiorhynchus — Singular Character of t)i-- 

 nithology — Petrels •• 273 



CHAPTER XIV. 



.San Carlos, Cliiloe — Osorno in eruption, con- 

 temporaneously with Aconca;^ua and Cose- 

 giiina — Kide to Cucao — Impenetrable forests 

 — Valdivia — Indians— Eartliquake — Concep- 

 cion — (Jreat earthquake— Rocks fissured — 

 Appearance of the former towns — The sea 

 black and boilin;,'— Direction of the vibra- 

 tions-Stones twisted round— Great Wave — 

 Permanent elevation of the land — Area of 

 volcanic phenomena — The connexion be- 

 tween the elevatory and eruptive forces — 

 Cause of earthquakes — Slow elevation of 

 Mountain-chains 201 



CHAPTER XV. 



Valparaiso — Portillo pass — Sagacity of mules— 

 Jlountain torrents — Mines, how discovered 

 — Proofs of the ^rradual elevation of the Cor- 

 dillera— Eil'ect of snow on rocks -Geological 

 structure of the two main ranges — Tlieir dis- 

 tinct origin and upheaval — Great subsidence 

 — Red snow — Winds — I'innacles of snow — 

 Dry and clear atmosphere — Electricity — 

 Pampas— Zoology of the opposite sides of the 

 Andes — Locusts — Great bugs — Mendoza — 

 IJspallata Pass— Silicilied trees buried as 

 thev grew — Incas 15ridi;e — Badness of the 

 passes exaggerated — Cumbre — Casucha"! — 

 Valparaiso 318 



CHAPTER XVL 



CoHst-road to Cciquimbo — Great loads carried 

 l)y the miners — Coquimb* — Earthquake — 

 Step-formed terraces — Absence of recent de- 

 posits—Contemporaneousness of tl>e Tertiary 

 formations — Excursion up the vallev — Road 

 to Gua>-co — Deserts — Valley of Copiap6 — 

 Rain and earthquakes — Hydropliobia- Tlie 

 Despoblado — Indian Ruins — I'robablecliange 

 of climate — River-bed arched by an eartli- 

 quake — Cold gales of wind — Noises from a 

 hill — Iquique — Sidt alluvium — Nitrate of 

 soda — Lima — I'nhealthy country — Ruins of 

 Callao, overtlijs.v.vn by an earthquake — Recent 

 Bubsidonce — Elevated shells on San Loren/.o, 

 their decomposition -Plain with embedded 

 uhells and fra^rments of pottery— Antiquity 

 cf Uio Indian lUce ;ri"7 



CHAPTER XVn. 

 Galapagor Archipelago — Tlie whole group vol« 

 canic — Number of craters — Leafless bushes- 

 Colony at Charles Island — James Island— 

 Salt-lake in crater — Natural History of tlie 

 group— Ornitliology, curious finches— Rep- 

 tiles — Great tortoises, habits of — Marine li- 

 zard, feeds on sea-weed — Terrestrial li/ard, 

 burrowing habits, herbivorous— Importance 

 of reptiles in the Archipelago — Fish, shells, 

 insects — Botany — American type of or:,'ani- 

 zation — Dillerences in the species or races on 

 dilferent islands — Tameness of the binls— 

 Fear of man, an acquired instinct 372 



CHAITER XVIIl. 

 Pass through the Low Archipelago — Tahiti — 

 Aspec-t — Vegetation on the Mountains — View 

 of Eimeo — Excursion into the Interior — Pro- 

 found Ravines — Succession of Waterfalls — 

 Number of wild useful Plants — Temperance 

 of the Inhabitants— Their moral staCe— Par- 

 liament convened — New Zealaml — Bay of 

 Islands — Hippalis — Excursion to VV'aimate — 

 Missionary Establishment — Enj,'lish Weeds 

 now run will — Waiomio — Funeral of a New 

 Zealand Woman — Sail for Australia.,.. 402 



CHAPTER XIX. 



Sydney — Excursion to Bathurst — Aspect of the 

 Woods — Party of Natives — (iradual extinc- 

 tion of the AVjorigines — Infection generated 

 by associated men in healtli — Hlue Moun- 

 tains — View of tlie grand trulf-like Valleys — 

 Their origin and formation — Bathurst, <;ene- 

 ral civility of the lower orders— State of So- 

 ciety — Van Diemen's Land — Hobart Town 

 — .\bori^'incs .all banished — Mount Welling- 

 ton — King George's Sound — Cheerless aspect 

 of the Country — I5ald Head, calcareous casts 

 of branches of trees — Party of Natives — Leave 



Australia 431 



CHAPTER XX. 



Keeling Island — Singular appearance— Scanty 

 Flora — Transport of Seeds— Birds and Insects 

 — liljbing and flowing Wells — Fields of 

 dead Coral — Stones transported in the roots 

 of trees — Great Crab — Stingini; Corals — 

 Coral-eating Fisli — Coral Formations — I-a- 

 goon Islands, or Atolls — Deptli at which reef- 

 building Corals can live-^-Vast Areas inter- 

 spersed with low Coral Islands — Subsidence 

 of their foundations — Barrier Reefs — Fritig 

 ing Heefs - Conversion of Fringiu'; Reefs into 

 Barrier Reefs, and into Atolls— Evidence o/ 

 chancres in I^vel — Breaches in Harrier Reefs 

 — Maldiva Atolls ; their peculiar structure — 

 Dead and submerire^l Heefs — Areas of siibsi- 

 denceand elevation — Distribution of Volcano? 

 — Subs.dence slow, and vast in amount.. -Ij- 



CHAPTER XXI. 



Mauritius, beautiful appearance of — Great cra- 

 teriform ring of Mountains — Hindoos — St 

 Helena— History of the changes in the ve e- 

 tation — (^ause of the extinction of land-shells 

 — Ascension — Variation in the imported rats 

 — Volcanic J$ombs — Heils of infusoria - Baliia 

 — Brazil — Splendour of tropical scenery — Per- 

 nambuco — Sinsruiar Reef — Slavery — Return 

 to England — Retrospect on our vovage.. 4x3 



Index ' SO? 



