452 KEELING ISLAND. [chap. xx. 



CHAPTER XX. 



KEELING ISLAND : CORAL FORMATIONS. 



Keeling Island — Singular appearance — Scanty Flora — Transport of Seeds — 

 Birds and Insects — Ebbing and flowing Springs — Fields of dead Coral 

 — Stones transported in the roots of Trees — Great Crab — Stinging Corals 

 — Coral-eating Fish — Coral Formations — Lagoon Islands or Atolls — 

 Depth at which reef-building Corals can live — Vast Areas interspersed 

 with low Coral Islands — Subsidence of their foundations — Barrier Eeefs 

 — Fringing Reefs — Conversion of Fringing Reefs into Barrier Reefs, and 

 into Atolls — Evidence of changes in Level — Breaches in Barrier Reefs — 

 Maldiva Atolls ; their peculiar structure — Dead and submerged Reefs — 

 Areas of subsidence and elevation — Distribution of Volcanos — Subsidence 

 slow, and vast in amount. 



April 1st. — We arrived in view of the Keeling or Cocos Islands, 

 situated in the Indian Ocean, and about six Iiundred miles dis- 

 tant from the coast of Sumatra. This is one of the lagoon- 

 islands (or atolls) of coral formation, similar to those in the Low 

 Archipelago which we passed near. "When the ship was in the 

 channel at the entrance, Mr. Liesk, an English resident, came 

 off in his boat. The history of the inhabitants of this place, in as 

 few words as possible, is as follows. About nine years ago, Mr. 

 Hare, a worthless character, brought from the East Indian archi- 

 pelago a number of Malay slaves, which now, including children, 

 amount to more than a hundred. Shortly afterwards. Captain 

 Koss, who had before visited these islands in his merchant-ship, 

 arrived from England, bringing with him his family and goods 

 for settlement : along with him came Mr. Liesk, who had been 

 a mate in his vessel. The Malay slaves soon ran away from the 

 islet on which Mr. Hare was settled, and joined Captain Ross's 

 party. Mr. Ilare upon this was ultimately obliged to leave the 

 place. 



The Malays are now nominally in a state of freedom, and cer- 

 tainly are so, as far as regards their personal treatment; but in 

 most other points they are considered as slaves. From their dis- 



