BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



B-c- Aristoteles, bom about 385, died 322 B.C. 

 Cent. IV. 



De Animalibus Historige. Libri x. (Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Lipsise, 1811). 

 These la-Toplai irepi Tu X^wa were probably published within the last thirteen years 

 of their author's life. After his writings had met with sundry changes and chances, 

 there is reason to believe " that about 50 years B.C. Andronicus produced the first 

 edition of the collective works of Aristotle." See The Ethics of Aristotle, by Sir 

 Alexander Grant, 1874, p. 9. 



The passages in Aristotle which probably refer to the Amphipoda are the following : — Book iv. 

 eh. 2, Tuiv Se ixaXaKoa-TpaKtDv €v fiiv Icttc to yeVos to twv Kapa/^wv Koi tovto) TrapaTrXyja-iov 

 tnpov TO Tuiv KaXovfJiivuiv aaraKuiv. Ovtol Se Starftepovcri Tu>v Kapafiwv ToJ fjLrj t\€LV xrjXa.'; Koi 

 aXXa'; Tifa? 8ia(f>opa^ oi ■jroXXas. "Ev Si to tC)V KapiSmv, /cat oAAo to tu>v KapKivwv. Tivrj 

 0€ TrXeto) TO)v Kapcowv ioTt Kat twv KapKiV(siv' TuiV pcv yap KapiSoiv at t€ Kv<f>al koi at /cpayyovcs 

 Kat TO fjLiKpov yivo^' avTai yap oi yiyvovrai /hci'^ods. Of the Malacostraca one genus is that 

 of the carabi, and near to this a second of those called astaci. These differ from the carabi 

 in not having chelae, and in a few other points. One genus is that of the carides, and 

 another that of the carcini. There are several genera of the carides and of the carcini ; 

 for to the carides belong the gibbfe and the crangons, and the little genus ; for these grow 

 no bigger. Book iv. ch. 10, a passage, unfortunately incomplete, relating to the sleep of 

 fishes and other water animals that have no eyelids : 'AXi'o-KovTai yap ot t^^vies, ct prj 8ia tovs 

 (ftOiTpas Kal Toiis KaXovixevovs ij/vXXovi .... [oiitojs aTpe/it'^ovTCS,] ware kolv ry X^'P' Xap./idv€iv 

 paStios' vvv D'ar y(povL(TOitTi ovtol tJJs vuktos, KaTeaOiovai TrpooiriVTOVTCs iroAAoi to wXyOo^ ovt«s. 

 FtyvovTat o' iv tw /3v0ia rrj's OaXaTTrj? Kat TocoCrot to 'irXijOo?, (uan Kal to SiXeap o Tt av l^Ovo's 

 rj, kav )(povi(rr] eVt tJ;s yrj';, KaTirrdiovcri' Kat ctveAKOvo-t TToAAoiKts ot dXtcts irepl to SeXeap uxnrep 

 (T(f)aipav crvvexop-ivrnv aiiTtuv. For fish, unless [they are disturbed] by the lice and so-called 

 fleas, are surprised in so tranquil a condition as to be easily taken even in the hand. But 

 now if these are left [in the nets] during the night, they (the fleas) being many in number 

 fall upon and devour them. In the deep of the sea they grow in such multitudes that any 

 piece of fish for bait, if left long on the ground, they devour. And often the fishermen 

 draw up round the bait as it were a globe of them clinging to it. 



Gerstaecker thinks that the little genus of the first passage may well refer to such an Amphipod 

 as Gammarus locusta. Boeck considers that the if/vXXoi of the second passage, which eat the 

 fish in the nets, are also likely to be Amphipods, since in the northern seas these act exactly 

 in the way described. The statements of Klein and Holb0ll confirm this. As Aristotle 

 apparently speaks of the bait on land, " cVt ttji yv^," being eaten by these creatures, it is likely 

 enough that he alludes to more than one species ; unless, as Bellon evidently supposed, 

 the land intended be not dry land or shore, but the ground at the bottom of the sea. 



(ZOOL. CHALL. EXP. PART LXVII. 1887.) XxX 1 



