4 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



1560. Gesner, Conrad. 



Nomenclator aquatilium animantium. Icones animalium aquatilium in mari et 

 di;lcibus aquis degentium, plus quam Dec. cum nomenclaturis singulorum Latinis, 

 Grsecis, Italicis, Hispanicis, Gallicis, Germanicis, Anglicis, aliisq ; iuterdum, per 

 certos ordines digestse. Tiguri, Anno m.d.lx. 



In Tomus L he includes seventeen orders of marine animals, the Crustata forming the fourteenth. 

 The fifteenth embraces the Testacea, a large portion of ■which in the body of the work is 

 headed De Crustatis, apparently by a printer's error. The sixteenth order is formed of the 

 Insecta Marina, "ut sunt, Hippocampus, Eruca, Pediculus, Pulex, AsUus, Hirudo mar. 

 Vermes et Lumbrici quidam, Scolopendrae." On p. 267 he remarks, "Pulicemet Pedi- 

 culum marines, quanuis tenui crusta integantur, Insectis potiiis. qukm ut Eondeletius 

 Crustaceis, adiunximus, quid forma eorum tota k Crustatis plurimum differre uideatur, 

 magisq; ad Insecta accedere." 



On p. 268 he says, " Pulex marinus Rondeletij. ^d'AXos OaXarTioi: sic dictus est nimirum non tam 

 k formse, quam saliendi similitudine, et similiter pisces in mari infestandi natura, ut Pulices 

 in terra molesti sunt animalibus." He then borrows from Eondelet, and concludes, " Niphus 

 Scolopendras mar. uulgo Pulices marines dici scribit, qxihd pisces eodem modo infestent. 

 nos Scolopendras mar. longe alias dabimus inferids. Germ. F. Ein Meerflohe." 



Among the fresh water animals of Tomus II. he gives Asfactis fluviatiUs and Cancer Jlimatilis but 

 no Amphipoda. His brief remarks on Pulex marinus are perhaps generalised from what he 

 has read, heard, or seen of animals belonging to the Orchestidse, Gammaridse, and Cyamidae. 



1565. Matthiolus (Mattioli), Petrus Andreas, born 1500, died 1577 (Biographie 

 Universelle). 



Commentarii in vi libros Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de Medica materia, ab ipso 



autore recogniti, et locis plus mille aucti, mdlxxxiii. Venetiis. (Epistola nuncupa- 



toria, dated mdlxv.) 



Pages 278-284 discuss various Crustacea or Crustata, including Cancer, Astaeus, Gammanis, 

 Squilloe, Maia, Pagunis, Cancelli; none of them Amphipods. He refers to Aristotle's 

 book iv. ch. 2, producing the often quoted words "Squillarum enim genere contuientur 

 gibbffi, crangones, et parvae, quae majores nunquam effici possunt," with the remark, " Quibus 

 liquid^ constat, vulgares gammarulos Aristoteli parvas facile esse Squillas, ciim ii majores 

 nunquam evadant, qukm qui semper parvi in pissariis habentur venales." 



1606. Aldrovandi, Ultsse, born 1522, died 1605 (Biographie Universelle). (The date 

 1607, given in the Encycl. Brit., 9th Ed., is inconsistent with the title page 

 here quoted). 



Vlyssis Aldrovandi Philosophi, et Medici Bononiensis. De Reliquis Animalibus 



exanguibus libri quatuor, post mortem ejus editi : Nempe De MoUibus, Crustaceis, 



Testaceis, et Zoophytis. Bononise, 1606. 



The second book is De Crustatis, and contains the wisdom of the ancients concerning 

 these animals. In regard to the name he says, " Quae Grseci et priBsertim Aristoteles 

 IxaXaKOfTTpaKa, Latini hoc tempore Crustacea vocant : Pliuius Crustata, cum inquit, Inmarinis 



