6 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGEE. 



60 numerous are these shrimps. This may refer to the common eatable shrimp, but what 

 follows appears to include species of Orchestidce or other Amphipods, for he says : " In 

 Holsatia vocantur ^uvrcit / Dithmarsis ivroitt / Belgis ©arneten / ©avncrS / ©arnaten / 

 Gallis Sauterdle, Cheorette, Guernette, ein v£ci\3it\}(c / 5Jieci\]ci£S Gesn. f. 127. ®pvilU]fvebec. 

 In Sanctouum littore maxima earum copia est, et alibi quoque in littoribus Germaniaj et 

 Belgii. Hae parvse Squillas gibbae avide expetuntur ab Harengis." He goes on to say that 

 many eminent naturalists had stated that the herring fed on nothing but sea-water, an 

 opinion which Behm had satisfactorily refuted by finding in a herring's stomach forty 

 Squillse. gihhae (@arnceO> and Neucranzius by finding more than sixty, though smaller ones. 

 (These may have been Hyperina, see note on Thomas Edward, 1868.) On pages 96-97, 

 under the heading Squilla minima, he gives the following, § ix. : " Ex SquiUis jMrvis et 

 nomine fere carent. Germ, ein 3wcrgfl'c(i^lcin / cilt flcillCV ©critter quibusdam iyXmpoi 

 [read eyx^wpoi] a colore subfulvo, coctae tamen rubescunt, ^A-wpos namque viridem, modu 

 luteum colorem Graicis Siguificat. Ob exiguitatem Yascones Cicade quasi Avenam vocant, 

 quas e Garuma copiose extrahunt, et pugillatim devorant, sicut avenam veterina;. Coci 

 quidam vocant Bvava, qute vox itidem Avenam signilicat, dividitur in illam, 1, quae Eoma3 

 Gainharetta dicitur. 



" 2. Qure Gambarucdo, estque adeo exigua ut mille vix unam libram sequent. SquiUis affine Ani- 

 malcidinn memorat Schoenfeld, i^. LXXIII. piscatoribus infestum, quod ad mare Balthicum 

 vulgus nominat ®cl)effte sen Sprocfll^cvm / squillis minimis figuva respondens, crustaque 

 instar illaru contectum, vix transversum digitum longum retibus et tendiculis, quibus hami 

 affiguntur, mire noxium, quae magno piscatorum detrimento arrodit." 



It may be noted that at this date the Crustacea are not included among the Insecta. For 

 j4Mi»iaZ being divided into Perfedum, evaifj.ov sanguine praiditum, and Impcrfictum, ava.iit.ov 

 exsMigue, quod non habet sanguinem proprie sic dictum, sed humorem alium proportione 

 sanguini respondentem, the subdivision of Imperfedum Animal sen exsangue is made as 

 follows : — " 1. In Insedum evroixov, quod corpus incisuris distinctum habeat : 2. In molle, 

 quod molli cute contectum fxaXaKoSepfia. 3. In crustaceum, quod tenui crusta obtectum 

 IxaXaKocnpaKov : 4. In testaceum, dura testa obtectum, oa-rpaKoSipfia " (pages 76-78). 



1675. ]\Iartens, Fbiderich. 



Friderich Martens vom Hamburg Spitzbergisclie oder Groenliindische Eeise 

 Beschreibung gethan im Jabr 1671. Aus eiguer Erfahrunge besclirieben / die dazu 

 erforderte Figuren iiach dem Leben selbst abgerissen / (so hierbey in Kupffer zu 

 sehen) und jetzo durch den Druck mitgetheilet. Hamburg. Im Jahr 1675. 



The fifth chapter, p. 83, is headed "Yon etlichen Schild geschlechtern / so auff Gron 

 landischen / oder Spitsbergischen Eeiseu gefangen werden." Among these he dis- 

 tinguishes Krahhen and Stemfisdie. Of the Krabhen he had met with four kinds, 

 first, the Meersqnnne as the French call it, next, rothe Krabhen oder Garnellen, 

 thirdly, Ideine graiie Krabhen oder Granat, and fourthly, die so genandte Wallfischs 

 Lauss. In describing the two last of these, Martens has the distinction of having been, so 

 far as is known, the first to give anything like a definite description of an Amphipod. For 

 this reason the accounts of his third and fourth species seem worth giving in full, as also 

 for other reasons the account of number two. They read as follows : — 

 2. Garnell. Unter den Garnellen die man hier siehet und die man in Spitzbergen findet is 

 kein Unterschied. Spitsbergisohe aber seynd von Farben audi ungekocht roth / rotlier wie 

 die von Liibeck gekocht zu uns gebracht werden. Der Kopf ist sonderlich / bestehet von 



