12 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



cheliformes. Oculi duo. Cauda foliosa ") includes " Cancer, Pagurus, Majas, Gamarus 

 Astacus, Squilla, Eremita." Oxiscos {Pedes XIV.) includes " Millepes, AseUus aqu." 



With the above agrees Editio quarta ab Auctore emendata et aucta. Parisiis mdccxliv. 



In a German edition, Halle, 1740, with a preface by Johann Joachim Langen, Cancer is defined 

 "Pedes 12, priores cheliformes. Mit 12 Fiissen, da die vordersten Scheren sind." The 

 German explanation of Gammarns is " Der kleinste Krebs mit langen Schwanz (Spring- 

 Krebs "), as though Gammarus were an Amphipod, which in the intention of Linnfeus it 

 clearly was not. According to Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, ii. pp. 42, 43, " Cancer 

 (Astacus) gammarus " is the great common lobster, which from the Greek Kaixfmpo^, 

 through the Latin Gammarus, derived its name in Danish Hammer, in German Hummer, 

 in French Homar (later liomard). 



1741. Egede, Hans, born 1686, died 1758 (Biographic Universelle). 



Det gamle Gr0nlands nye Perlustration, eller Naturel-Historie, og Beskrivelse 

 over det gamle Gr0nlands Situation, Luft, Temperament og BeskafFenhed, &c., 

 &c. Kjobenhavn, 1741. 



Cap. vi. p. 36, is headed "Hvad Slags Diur Fiske og Fugle den Gr0nlandske, S0e giver af sig 



etc." The accompanying plate contains a figure of a Hvalfisk, with a minute reproduction 



having the words "pag. 39, 1: 24" above it, and below it "HvaK: luus " and a figure of 



that creature, which is obviously borrowed from Martens. On page 39, 



jaaQ:'^1^i4- '"'liere the smaUness of the creatures which form the food of the whale is 



hy, j^^^T^ ~ contrasted with the size of the whale itself, the author says, " Nu skulde 



c/ ■ , mand tenke at saa stor en Krop maa n0dvendig beh0ve mange andre Fiske 



og S0e-Dyr til sin Ftide ; men bans spise er intet uden noget som kaldes 



Hvalfiske Aas, af Skikkelse og St0relse som i Figuren sees, det er brun 



Fig. 6. af Farve haver 2. smaa Flosser hvormed det beveeger sig i Vandet, dog saa 



langsomt, at man kand 0sse dem op af Vandet med Haanden, som med et 



0sse-Kar. Dette Slags Aas er veigt, Saa naar man rivet det imellem Fingrene, er det som 



Fet eller Thran." From which it may be supposed that Egede has confused the Cyamus 



which feeds on the whale with the Gammarids or other small fry on which the whale feeds. 



1743. Klein, Jacob Theodor, born 1685, died 1759 (Biograpliie Universelle), died 

 February 27, 1760 (Hagen). 



Summa dubiorum circa classes Quadrupedum et Ampliibiorum in Celebris 

 domini Caroli Linnsei systemate naturae : sive naturalis Quadrupedum Historije 

 promovendse Prodromus cum Pra^ludio de Crustatis. Lipsi^. Gedani, 1743. 



In the " Prreludium de Crustatis in specie de Squillis et Insectis Malacostracis Maris Balthici ubi 

 et de Oniscis," he says, p. 32, " Primi generis malacostraca sunt ; Cancri. Gamari. SquiUa;. 

 Secundi : Entoma sive Insecta Crustata." On p. 34, the Squillee, which he identifies with 

 Kapt's and KapiSLov of Aristotle, are thus defined : — " Squillse sunt malacostraca, corpore prae- 

 longato, qvadantenus gihbo; quatuor calcaribus chehformibus, djcrurihus octo, in exitu 

 aculeatis, cauda tabellata. 



" d/ Allucinati sunt autores, qvi Sqvillarum brachia forcipibus sive chelis carentia scripserunt ; 

 conferantur figurae, quas ad vivum fieri fecimus. Error inde enatus, quod locustas, ursa 



