34 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



Pallas nest discusses the synonymy of " Oniscus Locnsta," and. thus decides, — " Prseter Rajdm 

 itaqiie, qui (hist. ms. p. 44). Pulicem fluviatUem, a marine distinguit, et forte Dodonjeum 

 (pemptad. p. 476. icon.) neminem ad Locustam citari posse arbitror; quam enim Scopoli 

 {Entom. carmol. p. 411). Locustre dedit desoriptionem, sequent! potius speciei nostras, 

 Onisco nempe Gammarello convenit." In the description of Oniscus locnsta, Tab. iv. fig. 7, 

 lie says " Pedes septem parium (non octo, ut in Miscellaneis fugitive calamo scripseram) ; 

 priores antrorsum versi, sex postici retrorsum. Far primiim crassius reliquis ; secundarii 

 pedes exiles, velut atrophia absumti ; mutici." This is now accepted as Talitrus locusta, 

 Pallas. 



For the next species he refers, as above, to Scopoli's " Cancer Locusta," and also to liis friend 

 Gronov's Fasc. IL p. 232. num. 990, where, however, he thinks that all the synonymy, 

 except perhaps the reference to Baster, belongs to Fulex. That Boeck is right in assigning 

 the name Orchestia gani77iareUus, Pallas, precedence over Orchestia littnrea, Montagu, is clear 

 from the following " Descriptio Onisci Gammarelli, Tab. IV. Fig. 8. Magnitudo Onisci Pulicis. 

 Forma quasi media inter Pulicem & 0. Locustam. Priore scil. brevior, posteriore gracilior 

 est ; capitis tamen parvitate Pulici similior. Antennx exteriwes majores quam in utrolibet, 

 secundus harum articulus prsesertim notabilis, majusculus, linearis, quadrangularis, superiore 

 latere scaber. Antennulx intermedin minimpe, ut in 0. Locusta ; quum contra in 0. Pulice 

 exteriores ferme sequent. Pedes septem parium ; primi paris parvuli, exiles ; secundarii 

 chela magna, ventricosa, adactyla terminati ; quum in O. Pulice quatuor priores sint 

 cheliferi, et subsequales. Pedes quarti paris (non quinti, ut habent Miscellanea) omnium 

 brevissimi, et cum sensim longioribus sex posticis retrorsum versi ; vel saltem ambigui 

 quarti; postici vero, ut in aflinibus plane reclinati. Et hi qnoqae feinoribus planis, foliaceis, 

 ovatis singulares, qualia in O. Cancello supra observavimus. Stijli caudales bifurci duorum 

 parium, et mucro duplex terminales, peduncrdique subcaudales, setacei, ut in affinibus. In 

 spiritu vini albet hsec species, viva subcinerascens ; at siccata rubescit, ut coct» Crangones. 

 Magnitudinem exprimit icon." 



Boeck in his chronological review, p. 3-5, assigns the locusta and gammarellus of Pallas respectively 

 to the female aud male of Orchestia littorea, while in the body of his work, pp. 101, 104, he 

 takes " Oniscus gammarellus, Pallas, (Cancer gammaius littoreus, Montagu)," as type of the 

 genus Orchestia, Leach, but Tcditrus (Oniscus) locusta, Pallas, as type of the genus Talitrus, 

 LatreiUe. Meinert considers that the figures and descriptions by Pallas do not suffice to 

 separate his Oniscus gammarellus from his Oniscus locusta, and that therefore Montagu's 

 Cancer {Gammarus) littoreus should determine the specific name of Orchestia littorea, but 

 surely the " chela magna, ventricosa " in gammarellus sufficiently proves that that species is 

 an Orchestia, while Montagu himself identities the locusta of Pallas with his own saltator, 

 which is a Talitrus. It may be noted also that for " Cancer gammarellus, Pallas," Herbst 

 gives Easter's figure, which pretty clearly refers to the Orchestia in question. 



On Oniscus volutator, after rep)eating some of the observations already made in the Miscellanea, 

 PaUas says, "Distincte satis Oniscum nostrum indigitat Rajus {hist. ins. p. 43.) Pulicis 

 marini cornuti nomine. Vix etiam dubium est Oniscum bicaudatum Linn^ei (Faun. Su. 

 ed. II. n. 2062. Syst. Ed. XII. p. 1060 sp. 8.) hunc ipsum nostrum esse, nbi Linn^us, 

 e siccato forsitan specimine, antennas exteriores pro caudis nominavit. Amicus Gronovids 

 omnium novissime, ante edita Miscellanea niea, banc speciem descripsit & Astacum vocavit, 

 Zoopihylacii Fasc. II. p. 232. num. 989, ubi quoque iconem a me communicatam, in tab. 17. 

 iig. 7. adjecit. Ex Gronovio iterum adoptavit speciem nostram Linnaeus & vocavit 

 Cancrum grossipedem (Syst. nat. XII. p. 1055. sp. 80." It is obvious therefore that the 

 name volutator given by Pallas should take precedence, unless Linnaeus alone of aU men had 

 a right to change suitable names already given for unsuitable ones of his own devising. 



On Oniscus ccti, PaUas says, p. 76, " Oniscum Ceii primus, quantum video, et accurate quidem 



