40 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



1775. Fabeicius, Johann Christian, born 1742, died 1807 (Biographie Universelle), born 

 1745, died 1808 (Enc. Brit., 9tli Ed.), or died 1810 (see Hagen). 



Systema Entomologige, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, 

 adjectis synonymis, locis, descrijrtionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et 

 Lipsise, 1775. 



In the Prolegomena, after commenting on the confusion which had prevailed in entomology 

 before, and even since, the labours of " the immortal Linne," he says, " Novam ideo viam 

 tentabo, charaoteres et classium et generum ex instrumentis cibariis desumens. PrEebent 

 sane sufficientes, priebent constantes et genera uiulto naturaliora." He proceeds to describe 

 in general the labia upper and lower, the maxillae upper and lower, the palpi, 2, 4, or G, 

 the lingua spiralis, the rostrum, proboscis, and haustellum. Specific differences he 

 takes from colours (coactus) against his better j\idgment. The classes of insects are eight, 

 " Os maxiUis palpisque quatuor aut sex." They are named Eleuterata, Ulonata, Synistata, 

 Agonata, Unogata, Glossata, Eyngota, Antliata. The Agonata are defined " Os palpis 

 quatuor, aut sex. Maxilla inferior nulla." This class inckides Scorpio, Cancer, Pagurus, 

 Scyllarus, Astacus, Gammarus. Among the definitions of these are " 125. CANCEa Palpi 

 quatuor os obtegentes. Antennx quatuor fi.liformes; posticis articulo ultimo bifido," and 

 "129. Gammaeds." "Antenna: quatuor simplicissimee, sessiles :, anticas breviores, subulata3, 

 postic£e setacese." This latter contains the species Gammarus lociisia, Gammarus pulex, 

 Gammarus linearis, Gammarus salinus, Gammai'us stagnalis, of which the first three 

 correspond respectively to the numbers 82, 81, 83 of the Systema Naturae, ed. xii., the 

 remaining two not belonging to the Amphipoda. It should be remembered that the name 

 Gammarus, which had hitherto been a specific name among Stalk-eyed Crustacea, now 

 becomes a generic name among the sessile-eyed. 



Among the Synistata, " Os palpis quatuor. Manila inferior connafa cum labia," on page 296, 

 is given a definition of 07iiscus : — " 93. Oniscds. Labium quadrifidum : laciniis intermediis 

 palpigeris. Antennx setacese." Among the Onisci, descriptions referring to Amphipoda 

 (of Gammarina 1, Hyperina 3, CaprelUna 1) are given as follows : — 



" 2 caudafus. 9. 0. semicylindricus, caudis duabus longitudine corporis, Lin7i. Syst. Nat. II. 

 1060. 8. Fn. Sv. 2062. Habitat in Oceano Norwegico. 



" spi7iosus. 13. 0. oblongus, corpore spinoso, pellucido. 



" Habitat in Oceano Atlantico. 3fus. Dom. Bards. 



" Corpus medium, gelatinoso-membranaceum, peUucidum. Caput magnum, rotundatum, obtusum, 

 marginibus spinulosis. Oculi maximi, contigui. Antennai duse simplices, sctaceaj. Sog- 

 menta corporis undecim sensim angustiora, carinata, carina spmulosa. Abdomen subtus 

 foUolis sex ovatis obtegentibus. Cauda brevis, foliolis quatuor bifidis. Pedum septem 

 paria, 1. 2. brevia, chelata, approximata, 3. 4. 5. 6. longiora, angidata, angulis spmulosis, 

 articulo ultimo subulato, simplici, 7. breve, articulo ultimo clavato unguiculato. 



" gibbosus. 14. 0. oblongus, gibbus, autennis plicatis, longissimis. 



" Habitat in Oceano Lusitanico. Fig. pict. in Mus. Bankiano. 



" Corpus parvum, glabrum, leeve, flavescens, punctis fuscis irroratum. Caput crassum, obtusum, 

 ocuHs duobus maximis approximatis, macula magna viridi. Antennaj duse setacese, sub 

 corjjore inflexte et plicata;, corpore triple longiores. Thorax gibbus, sogmeutis septem, primo 

 brevissimo. Abdomen segmentis quatuor. Cauda foliolis tribus, acuminatis, fissis. 

 Pedes 14, intermediis sublongioribus. 



" quadricornis. 15. 0. oblongus, stylis caudaUbus senis, autennis quaternis. Habitat in mari 

 Atlantico. Mus. Banks. 



" Corpus parvum, gibbum, glabrum. Caput retusum. Oculi maximi, macula magna Iiinata, 



