44 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



tlius entered ou p. 248 : — " yrosdjjes. L Gamuarus manibus adactjlis longitudiiie corporis. 

 Cancer grossipes, Linn. Syst. Nat., 2, 1055, 80. Astacus muticus pede antico subulato 

 edentulo longissLmo crassissimo, Gronov. Zooph., 989, tab. 17, fig. 7. Oniscus volutator 

 Pallas Spic. Zool., fascic. ix. p. 59. tab. 4. fig. 9. Habitat in Europae aqius stagnantibus." 



1777. Pennant, Thomas, born 1726, died 1798 (Webster). 



British Zoology, vol. iv., Crustacea, MoUusca, Testacea. London, mdcclxxvii. 



In liis advertisement be says, " In my arrangement of the present work, I bavo taken tlie liberty 

 of making a distinct class of the Crustaceous Animals ; and separated them from Insects, 

 among which they are usually placed." Among the lobsters, Astacus, which he defines 

 with the words " Cyllndric body. Long antennre. Long tail," he places " Cancer linearis 

 Lin. syst. 1056. Lesser garnel or shrimp. Martens, Spitzberg. 115. tab. P. fig. 1," "with 

 long slender claws, placed very near the head." From the figures, pi. xvi. fig. 31, it is 

 pretty clear that these " claws " are the antennie, and that Coi-ojMvin volutator, Pallas, is 

 intended, the two references being quite inapprojariate. He next gives " Cancer atomos. 

 Lin. syst. 1056. Mirum animalculum in corallinis, &c., Easter, 1, 43, tab. iv. fig. 

 11." He mentions for this "a slender tail between the last pair "of legs, which would 

 apply to Cercops, but the figure, pi. xii. 32, gives no pleon. He gives " C. Pulex. Lin, 

 syst. 1055, No. 81," "very common in fountains and rivulets," probably Gammarus pulex, 

 and "C. locusta. Lin, syst. 1055, No. 82," "which leaps about with vast agility," and 

 which may therefore refer to Orchestia or Talitrus, or both. 



1778. De Geer, Carl, born 1720, died 1778 (Biograpbie Universelle). 



Memoires pour servii- a I'histoire des Insectes, Par M. le Baron diaries De Geer. 

 Tome septienie. Ouvrage posthume. A Stockholm, m.dcc.lxxviii. 



On pages 525-533 he describes " Squill a (Pnlex) aquatica, corpore comp)resso, pedihus qtiatuor 

 anticis, chelatis, cauda setis sex bifurcis terminata," with references to Gronovius, Zooph. 

 990., Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 1055, 81. Geoffr. La crevette des ruisseaux. Pay, Frisch, 

 Klein, Eoesel, and Easter. From the remarks which he quotes from various authors, we 

 may suppose that he regarded Orchestia, Talitrus, Gammar^is locxista, and the like as all 

 agreeing with Gammarus p>ulex, which is apparently the actual subject of his description 

 and of plate 33. On pages 540-544 he describes "Squilla (Ealseni) coipore ovcdi depresso ; 

 segmentis distinctis, ]jedibus cheliferis : tertii quartique parts Unearibiis rmitids," with 

 references to "Oniscus (Ceti) ovalis," &c., Linn. Syst., ed. 12, p. 1060, No. 6, and Martens 

 Iter Spitsb., Tab. Q, fig. D. This he figures on pi. xlii. figs. 6-10. In the detailed 

 description, in regard to "les pattes de la troisieme et quatrieme paire," he says, "EUes sont 

 longues, deliees, filiformes et tres-flexibles, de grosseur partout legale et k I'extremitd 

 arrondie, oil Ton ne trouve ni ongle, ni crochet, en sorte qu'elles ressemblent plutot k de 

 longs filets qu' k des j)attes." Nevertheless, in the enlarged figure he gives tliem the appear- 

 ance of being triarticulate, probably under the impression that if they were feet, they must 

 be jointed. He also quotes the observation from Martens, that when the animal is sucking 

 the skin of the whale, these four filiform feet are elevated over the back, so as to touch 

 from opposite sides, and specimens, he says, in his own collection show them in this 

 position. 



