REPORT ON THE AMPHIPODA. 113 



1821. Sabine, Sir Edward, born October 14, 1788, died May 26, 1883 (Encycl. Brit., 

 9th Edition), died June 26, 1883 (Friedliinder, Naturae novitates). 



An account of the animals seen by the late northern expedition whilst within 

 the Arctic Circle Being No. X., of the Aj^pendix to Capt. Parry's Voyage of 

 Discovery. By Capt. Edward Sabine, R.A., F.R.S., & F.L.S. London, 1821. 

 pp. 51-57. 



After mentioning the Cancer nugax and Cancer ampulla of Phipps respectively as Gammarus 

 nugax and Gammarus ampvlla, Salsine proceeds to describe Gammarus horeus, with a 

 reference to " Squilla Pulex. Degeer Ins. v. 7, p. 525., t. 33., f. 1. and 2." "Individuals, 

 vary in size from half an inch to an inch and half." The fourth, fifth, and sixth segments 

 of the tail, he says, are "slightly tricarinate on the back, and spinous." In general his 

 account of it agrees well with Gammarus locmta, with which it is united by Boeck. The 

 remarks with which Sabine winds up his account are of some interest. "The Squilla 

 Pulex," he says, "figured by Degeer, I. c, differing in no respect from the above 

 description, is considered to have been an individual of the same species, and it is there- 

 fore believed to be common to the northern shores of Europe and America ; the Squilla 

 Pulex has been considered a synonym of the Gammarus Pulex of modern authors, hut 

 erroneously, as may be seen by comparing the figure in Degeer with that of the Gam- 

 mareUus Pulex, Herbst., vol. ii., 130, tab. 36, fig. 4 and 5, which is the Gammarus 

 Pulex of J. C. Fabricius, Ent. Si/st., and of Latreille, Encyd. Meth. pi. 328, figs. 11-15; 

 the species are very distinct, differing in the lateral lobes, in the mucronate production of 

 the caudal segments, in the absence of the carinso and spines on tlie three posterior 

 segments of the latter, and in the shape of the eyes ; the Gammarus Pulex of Montagu, 

 Linn. Tr. ix, t. 4, f. 2, is a third species, differing not merely in appearance, but in its 

 habits, being found only in fresh water. The Oniscus Pulex of Otho Fabricius, Faun. 

 Green., No. 231, differs from the present species in the relative proportions of the three pos- 

 terior pairs of legs, the last pair being described by Fabricius as less than the two preceding, 

 whereas in the Boreus the seventh are longer than the fifth and sixth pairs. The Oniscus 

 CanceUus of Pallas, SjncU. Zool. ix, p. 53, tab. 3, f. 18, is distinguished by the lateral 

 scales on the segments of the body, but in other respects is not very dissimilar to 

 the animal under description ; it may not be ami.ss to notice incidentally that an error 

 has crept into the specific character of the CanceUus in the writings of modern authors, 

 commencing it is believed with J. C. Fabricius, of describing it with sixteen legs, instead 

 of fom'teen, which is the usual number in the genus ; in the original account of the 

 CanceUus, Sjricil. Zool. I. c, the number of legs is fourteen, both in the description and 

 figure." The figures cited from Herbst and LatreUle are in fact copies of Eiisel's Squilla 

 fluviatilis, with which Sabine seems to have been unacquainted. The description of Aniphi- 

 poda with sixteen legs, occasionally met with in the old writers, may have arisen from tlieir 

 including the maxillipeds among the legs. Savigny, it will be remembered, regarded 

 sixteen as the normal number of legs both for the Decapoda and the Tetradecapoda, the 

 difference between those two groups being that in the former three pairs, and in the latter 

 only one pair, of the legs were transferred to the service of the mouth. 

 The species next described has since been made by Spence Bate the type of the genus 

 Gammaracanthus. Sabine's account is as foUows : — " Gammarus Loricatus. G. Eostro 

 comiformi defloxo, dorso carinato, segmentis postice et acutfe productis. Plate 1, fig. 7. 

 This species was found associated with the preceding, and of the same size, but less 

 abundant ; body laterally compressed, especially the posterior segments ; shell smooth, 

 (zool. CHALL. EXP, — PART LXVII. — 1887.) Xxs 15 



