REPORT ON THE AMPHIPODA. 119 



one oompreliensive article on tlie group. In 1825 tliis article, without material alteration, 

 was converted into a separate volume. Its treatment of the Amphipoda maybe understood 

 from the note on Desmarest under that date. 



1823. Fleming, John, bom 1785, died 1857 (Eev. J. Duns, in Lithology of Edinburgh). 



Gleanings of Natural History, gathered on the Coast of Scotland during a 

 voyage in 1821. By the Eev. John Fleming, D.D., F.R.S.E., M.W.S., &c. In 

 a letter to Professor Jameson. The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, &c., from 

 ctober 1,1822, to April 1, 1823. Vol VIII. Edinburgh, 1823. pp. 29G-297. 



In Proto pedatus, Fleming says that he readily distinguished " the four minute appendiculae of 

 the posterior end, which are figured by Miiller, but which Montagu was unable to detect 

 in his specimens." Of Latreille's definition of the genus Protu, Leach, he says, " it is true 

 that there are only ten feet, if we exclude the two pairs belonging to the first and la.st seg- 

 ments of the body ; but if these be included, the number of feet should be stated at fourteen. 

 This precision in enumerating the feet becomes the more necessary, since LatreiUe has added 

 another genus, termed Leptomera, to the family Caprellad^, which, in the character 

 assigned to it, ' Ont quatorze pieds, disposes dans une s6rie continue, depuis la tete jusqu' 

 a I'extremite post6rieure du corps,' would appear to diifer only in having four additional 

 feet. But the Squilla ventricvsa of Miiller (Zool. Dan. tab. 56.), referred to as the type of 

 the genus Lepitomera, possesses the same number of feet as the Gummarus pedatus of the 

 same author, referred to as the type of the genus Proto. The feet of the first and last seg- 

 ments of the body, however, have been enumerated by LatreiUe, in the character of his 

 genus Leptomera, while they have been excluded from the character of the genus Proto. 

 The two genera, in consequence of this arrangement, seem to diifer in a character in which 

 they agree." He criticises Lamarck for retaining " dix ou quatorze pattes " as a character 

 of the genus Lejjfomera, of which he made Proto a synonym, instead of giving Proto the 

 priority. But Fleming himself would retain both genera on new grounds. "In the 

 Leptomera," he says, " the tarsi of the second pair of feet only are furnished with a moveable 

 claw ; while in Proto, all the feet are unguiculated. In the latter genus, the second, third, 

 and fourth pairs of feet have appendages at the base, which are wanting in Leptomera. 

 We are not aware that the Leptomera ventricosa has ever been detected on the British 

 shores." 



Of Cancer phasma of Montagu, which he refers to Caprella, he says, "it is subject to considerable 

 variation in the number and position of the spines, and the hairiness of the different parts. 

 In the example now before us, the claw and last joint of the first pair of feet were deeply 

 serrated. It is probable that the Caprella Pennantii and acanthifera of Dr. Leach (Ediu. 

 Encyclopaedia, vol. vii. p. 40i), are merely varieties of this species." 



1824. Martens, Georgio. 



Eeise nach Venedig. Ulm, 1824. 



According to G. D. Nardo, he mentions Gammarus pndex, Fab., Oniseus {Caprella) Unearig, Latr., 

 with many other Crustacea. Zenlier, 1832, speaking of the universal distribution of 

 Gammarus pulex in the rivers and streams of Europe, adds, " vix tamen in tepidis aut 

 calidis inveniatur aquis, licet JIartens (Retse nach Venedig. Wien. 1824. II., 197) ipsum 

 iu thermis Albanis vivere contenderit, sine dubio Gammarum Locustain cum nostro com- 

 mutans." Zenker had found that Gammarus pulex speedily died in warm water, but he had 

 probably not put Gammarus locusta to the test. 



