274 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



given in Latin. See Note on Costa, 1857. The names of the genera are Araneops, Iclinopus, 

 Egidia, Nototropis, Probolium, Elasmopus, Ceradocus, Blicrodeutopus. The new species 

 are Orchestia mediterraTiea, Orchestia constrieta, Araneops diadema, Araneops hrevicornis, 

 Lijsianassa spinicornis, Lysianassa loricata, Lysianassa Immilis, IcJinopus taurus, Egidia 

 pulchella, Notrotopis (sic) spinidicauda, AmpJdthonotus spinicentris, Proholium polyprion, 

 Ampliithoe babirussa, Amphithoe gasella, Ampihithoe tenella, Amphithoe aquilina, Amphithne 

 crassicornis, Amphithoe penicillata, Amphithoe elongata, Amphithoe microura, AmphitJwe semi- 

 carimita, Elasmopus rapax, Gammarus plumicornis, Gammarus obfusunguis, Gammarus 

 unguiserratus, Gammarus sciasimanus, Gammarus piunctimanus, Gammarus bispinosus, 

 Gammarus orchestiip)es, Leucothoe denticulata, Eridhonius hideris, Microdeuiopus gryllotalpa, 

 Corophium acherusicum, Vihilia speciosa, Hyperia pupa. 



1853. GossE, Philip Henry, born 1810 (Hagen). 



A Naturalist's rambles on the Devonshire coast. London, m.dccc.liii. 



At page 367, after describing the chambers in the peduncle of Chrysaora cyclonota, Gosse says, 

 " a little shrimp-like creature, about half an inch in length, with large lustrous green eyes 

 (Hyperia medusanim), makes these chambers his residence." " There were three or four 

 specimens on this Chrysaora, and I have found it parasitic on other large ]\Iedusa3. But 

 there were also on the one I am describing a vast number of minute white specks, which 

 on examination proved to be little Crustacea, and, as I suspect, the larvs of this species. 

 They are not larger than a grain of sand, shaped somewhat like a toad, with the abdoinen 

 distinctly separated, narrow, and bent abruptly under, in the manner of the Brachyura. 

 (See Plate xxii. fig. 15)." 



At page 379 (see also page 82), he discusses "The Mantis shrimp." He says "one can never 

 take a living specimen of that beautiful zoophyte Plumularia cristata, without finding its 

 numerous pinnated branches inhabited by curious Crustacea of the genus Caprella." He 

 compares them with the Spider Monkeys of South America, with the tropical genus Mantis 

 among insects, and for mode of progression, to the caterpillars of geometric moths. He 

 has "seen the large red species swim, throwing its body into a double curve like the letter 

 S, with the head bent down, and the hind limbs turned back, the body being in an 

 upright position." He thinks that the capture of prey is helped by the sudden clutchings 

 of the lower antennae. " They consist of four or five stout joints, each of which is armed 

 on its inferior edge with two rows of long stiff curved spines, set as regularly as the teeth 

 of a comb, the rows divaricating at a rather wide angle." "The first and second pair of 

 legs," he says, " (but especially the latter), have the last joint but one developed to a great 

 size, while the terminal joint is so formed as to shut down upon it just as the blade of a 

 clasp-knife does upon the handle. Then to add to the efficiency of this instrument of 

 prehension, the great joint which represents the haft is armed with a double row of spines 

 set at an angle so as to make a groove, into which the blade falls, and this latter is cut 

 along each side of its edge into fine teeth liie those of a file." He finds "several species 

 even on the same small fragment of weed, if it be tolerably well peopled with Plumularix 

 or Pedicellinx, some much larger than others, and beautifully mottled with transparent 

 ruby colour on a clear horn, and distinguished by variations in the relative size, in the 

 shape, and in the armature of these formidable weapons ; and there is a species larger still, 

 of a dull purplish-red hue. But all have pretty much the same manners, except that the 

 smaller species are more agile." It is obvious that the differences mentioned may only 

 refer to age and sex, instead of being specific, as Gosse supposed, but undoubtedly on the 

 Devonshire coast, Capi-ella acanthifera, Caprella fretensis and Caprella acutifrons may all 

 bo found in very close proximity. 



