304 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



1857. Valette St. George, Adolphe Jean Hubert, Baron de la, born November 14, 

 1831 (Valette). 



De Gammaro puteano. Dissertatio inauguralis. Accedunt duae tabulai seri 

 incisEe. Berolini, 1857. pp. 5-16. 



The Gammarus puteanm, Koch, of this dissertation is referred by Bate and Westwood to 

 Niphargus aquilex, Schi0dte. La Valette gives numerous measurements of the animal at 

 different ages and in both sexes, as well as of various parts of it. The statement of Hosius 

 that the third joint of the mandible-palp in all Gammari ends in an incurved naU will not, 

 he says, apply to Gammarus puteaniis. He never found more than two articulations in 

 the secondary flagellum of the antennse. In the very short, leaf-like branch of the third 

 uropods, he could not find the plumose seta described by Caspary, though he found, as 

 Caspary had done, several setie on the long two-jointed branch. He corrects some oversights 

 committed by Milne-Edwards and Hosius in regard to the telson, and denies the statement 

 of Caspary that the first perceon-segment carries branchiae, and of Hosius that all the feet 

 but the first are furnished with them, there being in fact only five pairs. 



He reckons 12 ganglia in the nerve-chain ; refers doubtfully to the cone at the base of the 2d 

 antenna as subservient to the sense of hearing ; describes the organs on the antennae since 

 known as " calceoli," questioning whether they may be olfactory organs, and remarking by 

 the way that their size increases towards the end of the antennoe, which, however, I may 

 say, is certainly not the case in all Amphipods. He describes the oesophagus, stomach and 

 intestinal canal, mentions the liver-tubes as having been already observed by Siebold and 

 Leydig in Gammarus piilex, and further states that the intestinal canal about the beginning 

 of the fourth pleon-segment sends forth two cfecal tubes directed forwards. He thinks that 

 these may have a renal function, but cannot decide the question, not having succeeded in 

 obtaining evidence of the jjresence of uric acid. Together with other anatomical observations 

 he notices that the heart has three pairs of lateral valves for the introduction of the venous 

 blood, situated in the second, third, and fourth periBon-segments. For his priority in this 

 observation, Delage by an oversight has omitted to give him his due credit. 



1857. White, Adam. 



A popular history of British Crustacea ; comprising a familiar account of their 

 classification and habits. London, 1857. 



In the preface White says, " the general arrangement is that of the classical ' Histoire Naturelle 

 des Crustac6s,' by Professor Milne-Edwards. Among the Amx>ldpoda, I have been chiefly 

 guided by Mr. Spence Bate's synopsis, pubHshed in the February number of the ' Annals 

 and Magazine of Natural History.' " Of the " Division Edriophthalma, Leacli," the two 

 Orders, Amphipoda and Lsemodipoda, occupy from page 158 to page 220. 



Of Talitriis loeusta he says, " it is to this species Archdeacon Paley alludes in the 26th chapter 

 of his ' Natural Theology,' as an instance of the abundance of happiness in the lower 

 creatures." The notion appears to be that as children skip when they are in good spirits, 

 the skipping of Talitri must be due to mental emotion rather than the structure of their 

 tails. Mr. Halliday's observation, Ent. Mag. iv. 252, is cited, that a small beetle, Cillenum 

 laterale, feeds on this sandhopper. 



On plate x., which is due to Mr. Spence Bate, there is figured Orchestia littorea, var., which 

 Spence Bate subsequently identified both with his own Orchestia Ixvis, and the earlier 

 Orchestia mediterranea, Costa. 



