REPORT ON THE AMPHIPODA. 477 



species and in number of individuals ; most types of fresh-water animals have their repre- 

 sentatives there (mit Ausnahme der Najaden und der Spongien). In this region in the 

 Lake of Geneva he found, among others, "■ Niiiliargiis puteanvs, var. Forelii, Al. Humbert." 

 References are given to Professor Forel's earlier %vritings on lake-fauna. 



1878. Gamroth, Alois. 



Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Naturgeschichte der Caprellen. Mit Tafel VIII-X. 

 Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Einunddreissigster Baud. Leij^zig, 

 1878. pp. 101-126. 



Tlie investigations were made on " Caprella ajquilibra Sp. B. (?)." Its food Gamruth considers 

 to be the larva; of Eryozoa and perhaps the adult Bryozoa likewise. The work is one of 

 importance, discussing the whole organisation of the creature in question, but it has been to 

 some extent superseded by the later labours of Paul Mayer and Delage. Mayer points out 

 that Gamroth erroneously attributes only one joint, instead of two, to the flagellum of the 

 lower antenna in Caprella «quililrra; that he figures on the first maxilla an inner basal 

 plate (Kaulade) with setre, as found in the normal Amphipoda, but not present in any of 

 the Caprellidaj with which Jlayer is acquainted ; and that he leaves unnoticed the want of 

 symmetry in the mandibles, and makes no mention of the Paragnath (lower lip). He 

 calls the hairs on the lower antennje " Strudelorgane," a term which Mayer considers 

 appropriate, as well as Haller's " Euderhaai'e," and " Fangorgane " which would suit Gosse's 

 description. The "Frontal organ" or " Nackenorgan," which Gamroth discovered, one on 

 either side the median line of the body, in front of the brain, and above the origin of the 

 upper antennas, is considered by Mayer to be a gland rather than, as Gamroth suggested, an 

 organ of sense. His mistake in supposing that the colouring matter was in the epidermis 

 instead of under it, is explained by !Mayer by the fact that the Chromatophores do push 

 excrescences in between the cells of the epidermis, giving an appearance as if the epideimis 

 were itself pigmented. 



1878. Gegenbaur, Carl. 



Grundriss der vergleiclienden Anatomie. 2te Aufl. 1878. 



Elements of Comparative Anatomy. By Carl Gegenbaur, Professor of Anatomy 

 and Director of the Anatomical Institute at Heidelberg. Translated by F. Jeffrey 

 Bell, B.A., Magdalen College, Oxford. The translation revised and a preface written 

 by E. Ray Lankester, M.A., F.R.S., etc. London, 1878. 



The Arthropoda occupy the fifth section, pages 228-305. The Crustacea are divided into 

 a) Entomostraca, li) Malacostraca. The latter are divided into 1. Thoracostraca (Podoph- 

 thalma), and 2. Arthrostraca (Hedriophthalnia). The latter are exhibited as follows : — 



"Ampihipoda. Gammarus, Orchestia, Hyperia, Phronym.a. 



" Lajniodipoda. Caprella, Cyamus. 



" Isopoda. Bopyrus, Cymothoa, Spheeroma, Onisrus, Asellus, Hothea." 



In the preface, pages xiii-xv, there are some iuiportant remarks on " Nomenclature of the Parts 

 of the Digestive Tract." Mr. Lankester proposes " to distinguish the primitive digestive 

 space which develops from the endoderm (in fact the gastrula stomach) as the ' enteron.' 

 The anterior passage leading into this from the mouth, and formed by an ingrowth of 



