REPORT ON THE AJMPHIPODA. 505 



with the Malpigliian vessels of insects is accepted. Mayer maintains that these structures 

 which lie on the borders of the mid- and hind-gut belong morphologically to the former, 

 the mid-gut and the cajcal appendages being sharply distinguished from the hind-gut by an 

 interruption of the epithelium, and by the absence from the former of the cliitinous intiraa. 

 He agrees with Nebeski that, whatever their function, they cannot be morphologically 

 compared with the Malpighian vessels of insects. In addition to the other appendages, in 

 Goplana polonira Wrzesniowski finds a previously undescribed gland, which lies in the telson, 

 and has a round opening in the terminal part of the hind-gut just before the anus. This 

 he calls the anal gland (Afterdriise). 



A description is given (p. 537) of the windings of the antennary gland in Gopiana i^olonica, and 

 of the structure of its tissues. A very accurate account follows of the circulation of the 

 blood, mostly already published in 1877. For a summary of the results see Note on Delage, 

 1881. Wrzesniowski justly gives de la Valette the credit of having observed the three 

 pairs of venous ostia of the heart in the second, third and fourth segments of the perfeon 

 respectively, with their oblique direction, on the right side from above and in front 

 downwards and backwards, and on the left side from behind and above forwards and 

 downwards, so that in each pair the slits cross one another at an acute angle. The heart 

 extends from within the hinder limit of the head to the middle of the sixth perseon-segment 

 in Goplana polonira, to nearly the end of the fifth in Pallasea canceUus. In each segment 

 of the peroeon it is fastened to the back by a pair of upper, and to the sides of the body by 

 a pair of lower, wing-shaped muscles ; the front end in the head has only the upper pair. 



The arterial ostia, one in the hindermost part of the head, the other in the fifth or sixth peraeon- 

 segment, are provided with a complicated valve-apparatus. In each a membrane-like 

 diaphragm is extended, with a simple slit in the centre. The edges of the slit are provided 

 with a sphincter-like muscle, and in the whole surface of the diaphragm the author thought 

 he could perceive annular, very delicate muscle-threads. From the edges of the diaphragm 

 on either side ascends a muscular membrane, finding attachment to the dorsal wall of the 

 heart. During the systole the lateral muscular membranes contract energetically, opening 

 the slit in the diaphragm ; in the diastole they relax, while the muscle-threads of the 

 diaphragm contract, and act as sphincters to close the slit, so that the cavity of the heart is 

 now completely shut off from that of each aorta. To prevent the valves bulging in into the 

 cavity of the heart, a pair of trabeculas are fastened, on one side to the rims of the diaphragm- 

 slit, on the other to the ventral wall of the heart. The lateral, venous ostia have each an 

 inwardly projecting valve, with its outer and inner lips provided with sphincter-like muscles. 

 The sphincter of the outer lip is formed by muscles of the wall of the heart, which at the 

 lower angle of the slit separate, to re-unite at the upper angle. The inner lips are provided 

 with a separate sphincter. At the systole first the inner and then the outer slit of the 

 ostium closes. 



Lateral arteries are not found in the Gammaridse, so far as observed by Wrzesniowski, Claus, 

 [and Delage], although in the Hyperina two or three pairs have been found by Claus. The 

 anterior aorta clings to the upper wall of the stomach, bends sharplj' down over its front 

 upper edge, descends the front wall of the ojsophagus and ends abruptly close to the floor 

 of the head. During this course, in Goplana pulonica, three branches are given off on either 

 side. The uppermost branch originates just in front of the geniculate bend of the aorta, and 

 provides for the upper antennre. The middle branch goes down from the bend of the aorta 

 and runs to the eye, where it appears to end. The lowest branch separates from the main 

 stem close to its termination, and provides for the lower antennse. [In Talitrus locusta, 

 Delage describes three arteries proceeding from the anterior extremity of the heart, centrally 

 the upper aorta with a valve, on either side facial arteries, in which he could not discover 

 valves, though for all that they might exist. The facial arteries run at first upwards and 

 (ZOOL. CH.1LL. EXP. PART LXVII. — 1887.) Xxx Gl 



I 



