516 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



Professor Kossmann uses the tarm first jwreio^jod as an alternative ior first gnatlwpod , thus adding 

 one more to the many confusions in the nomenclature of our subject. It is surely of the 

 first importance in scientific language that as far as possible one word should he restricted 

 to one meaning. Since the inventor of ■ the term first 2^ei'eiopod applied it to the limb 

 behind the second gnathopod, it is open to other naturalists to reject the term altogether as 

 inconvenient or erroneous, but not to apply it to the limb in front of the second gnathoj)od. 

 For other confusions in nomenclature see the Note on AVrzesniowski, 1881. 



In the family GammaridEe, to the genus CEdicerus, Ivr0yer, Kossmann assigns the synonyms 

 Westwoodilla, Spence Bate ; Monoculodes, Stimpson ; Krfyera, Spence Bate. To show 

 the close connection of the four he gives the following table : — 



" Z welter Gnathopode: 



" A. scheerenfcirmig ..... Kr0yera, Spence Bate. 



" B. subcheliform, Carpus 



a. bis gegen den Dactylus verliingert . . Nonoculodes, Spence Bate. 



b. nicht bis gegen den Dactylus verliingert . . CEdicerus, KrOyer. 



"C. weder subcheliform, noch scheerenfdrmig . . Westwoodilla, Spence Bate." 



The other distinctions, he says, depend only on the proximity or separation of the eyes. For 

 CEdicerus he offers the following diagnosis : — 



" Kopf in ein spitzes, abwiirts gobogenes Eostrum ausgezogen. Vorderantennen ohne Nebenast. 

 Mandibel mit dreigliedrigem Taster. Maxillarfiisse mit starker Endklaue. Letzter 

 Pereiopode ausserordentlieh verliingert, mit griffelforniigem Endgliede. Hintere Pleopoden 

 siimmtlich zweiiistig, die Aeste ganz oder fast vollig nackt. Telson einfach." 



He describes CEdicerus xquimanus, n. s., Taf. xiii. Fig. 6-8, in which, he says, the eyes appear 

 to be separate; the pigment was no longer visible, but there were two lateral facetted corneae 

 to be seen. 



Leucotlioe crassimana, n. s., Taf. xiii. Fig. 9-10, is probably, as suggested by Miers in his "Alert" 

 Report,1884, a synonym of Leucotlioe spinicmpa, Abildgaard. Kossmann's largest sjiecimen 

 was a female with eggs, 7 mm. in length. Under Mo'ra (properly Mecra), he describes Mcera 

 enjtlvrxa, n. s., Taf. xiv. Fig. 1-8, which he says is very like Dana's Gammarus brasiliensis. 

 That species, he thinks, Sp. Bate ought to have placed in the genus Mcera, not in 

 Gammarella. It may indeed be noted that the description of the antenna does not agree 

 with Sp. Bate's own definition of Gammarella. Meantime Kossmann's species does not 

 well agree with Mara, but suits very fairly with Elasmopus, Costa, as defined by Boeck, 

 both in respect of the mandibles, antennae, uropods and telson. It may well stand at 

 present as Elasmopms errjthrxus. 



Mcera iiiassavensis, n. s., Taf. xiv. Fig. 9-11, is described as belonging "to that subdivision 

 of the genus Mara of which M. tenella, Dana, is typical. It would perhaps not be 

 impossible to characterise it as a new genus. Apart from the slenderer habit, its characters 

 are the presence of a double claw on the pereiopods (see Dana, Expl. Exp. Crust., Atl., 

 pi. 65, fig. Id) and the peculiarity, that the second joint of the upper antennfe is much 

 longer and thinner than the preceding." It is perhaps by some oversight that Kossmann 

 describes " the hinder pleojsoda " as quite like those of the preceding species, although with 

 less numerous, finer spines. This is, with little doubt, a species of Mxra, and in that genus 

 the last uropods have long rami projecting beyond the first and second pairs. 



In the family Podoceridas he mentions Anqdilthoii filusa ?, Savigny's species, and AmpMthoe 

 erythrxa, n. s., Taf. xiv. Fig. 12, 13, with the "general form quite as in Amphithoe 

 filicornis, Dana ; stellate pigment distributed over the whole body." I do not think this 

 species can be sejjarated from " Amphithoii Vailla7itii," Lucas, 1849. 



Under Amphithdides, new genus, Kossmann remarks that " Claus says in his Lehrbuch, 

 (3rd Edition, p. 515) of the genus AmpMthoe: 'die vordern (Autennen) meist ohne 



