552 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



has lost its palp." He also remarks that "the Amphipoda appear to be only now developing 

 terrestrial forms, and a splendid series could be made out of existing species, from Nicea, 

 living wholly in the water, through Allorchestes, etc., which live in rock-pools, but can walk 

 and live (leap, MS. correction) on land with great agility, Talorch&stia, etc., living just 

 above high-water mark, and only occasionally splashed with salt water, to species of 

 Orcliestia and Taliims, such as 0. Sylvieola, which live far away from the sea." 



1884. Chilton, Charles. 



The New Zealand Journal of Science. Vol. II. No. 5. September 1884. 

 p. 230. 



This note identifies Man-a petriei, G. M. Thomson, with Megamcera (Moera) suhcarinata, 

 Haswell, the latter name having the priority. 



1884. Claus, C. 



Elementary Text-book of Zoology. General part and special part ; Protozoa 

 to Insecta. By Dr C. Claus. Translated and edited by Adam Sedgwick, M.A., 

 with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote, B.A. London, 1884. 



At page 405, the Arthropoda are defined as " Laterally symmetrical animals with heteronomoushj 

 segmented body and jointed segmental apjyendages; with brain {supraoBSophageal ganglia) 

 and ventral nerve cord {ganglionic chain)." 



At page 411, Class I. — Crustacea are defined as "Aquatic Arthropoda, which breathe by means 

 of gills. They have two pairs of antennx ; numerous pjaired legs on the thorax, and usually 

 also on the abdomen." It is observed that " some forms, however, can live on land, and 

 possess respiratory organs adapted for breatliing air." "The mandibles are simple but very 

 rigid and hard masticating plates, which are usually toothed and correspond morphologically 

 to the coxal joint of a limb, the following joints developing into a palp-like appendage 

 {mandihular-palpi)." "The delicate hairs and filaments of the anterior antenna are probably 

 olfactory organs." "The so-called shell glands of the lower Crustacea are regarded as 

 urinary organs, as are also the glands opening at the base of the posterior antenna in the 

 Malacostraca. In the Entomostraca the latter are only preserved during larval life. Short 

 tubes, which correspond to the Malpighian tubes of the Tracheata, may also be present on 

 the rectum {Amphipoda)." [This correspondence, however, is denied by P. Mayer, 1882, 

 and W. B. Spencer, 1885.] 



The Crustacea are divided into four groups, Entomostraca, Malacostraca ("the higher Crustacea 

 characterised by a definite number of segments and appendages"), Leptostraca (for Nebalia), 

 and Gigantostraca. The Malacostraca include the two orders, Arthrostraca {Amphipoda and 

 Isopoda), and Thoracostraca. 



At page 449, the Arthrocostraca are defined as " Malacostraca with lateral sessile eyes, usually 

 leith seven, more rarely with si.r or feiver separate thoracic .segments, and the same number of 

 pairs of legs. Without a reduplicature of the skin." "The head bears four antennae, the two 

 mandibles, four maxillae, and a pair of maxillipeds ; in all six pairs of appendages. A 

 small bilobed plate, distinguished as the underlip, behind the pair of mandibles, marks 

 the boundary of the primary region of the head. The two pairs of maxillae as well as 

 the maxillipeds are secondary cephalic appendages derived from the thoracic region of the 

 body." I do not know how this last statement is to be reconciled with the previous 



