576 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



single specimen, in " length, 57 mm., was taken ofT the west coast of Australia ; " " through 

 the Ion" and coarsely denticulated legs this species," Bovallius says, " is easily distinguished 

 from the others." Detailed descriptions are given of all the four species. 

 Of the species described by J. C. Fabricius in 1775, under the name Oniscus spinosus, mention 

 is not made. 



1886. Bovallius, Carl. 



Amphipoda Synopidea. With 3 Plates. (Presented to the Eoyal Society of 

 Sciences of Upsala the 10th May 1886.) Upsak, 1886. 



Bovallius here divides the Amphipoda into five tribes, distinguished as I. Tanaidea ; IL 

 Gammaridea ; III. Synopidea ; IV. Hyperiidea ; V. Caprellidea. In the diagnosis the 

 distinction between the Amphipoda Gammaridea, and the Amphipoda Synopidea, is made 

 to depend upon the eyes and the maxillipeds ; in the former the eyes are described as 

 "oruli mediocres, sessiles," in the latter as "ociili grandes, maximam partem capitis 

 occupantes, sessiles ; " but when we compare the size of the eyes in such a species as that 

 which has been named CaUiopius grandoculis, with the size of the eyes in the various 

 species assigned to Si/iiopia, this distinction seems untenable ; the maxiUipeds of the 

 Gammaridea are said to be " non coaliti, palpum quattuor-articulatum gerentes," while 

 those of the Synopidea are described as " plus minusve coaliti, palpum quattuor-articulatum 

 gerentes," but surely in both tribes the maxillipeds are coalesced at the base, and in the 

 Gammaridea the fourth joint of the palp is occasionally wanting, as in Normania, Boeck, and 

 occasionally both the third and fourth joints are absent, as in Lafystius, Ivr0yer. The 

 further character assigned to the Gammaridea, " nrus mediocre, triarticulatum," is not 

 universally applicable, since in the family Dulichids, Dana, the uropod-bearing portion 

 (urus) of the pleon has only two joints ; and lastly, the character " telson SEPpissime fissum," 

 seems out of place when in so many genera the telson is not cleft. 



His tribe Synopidea Bovallius divides into three families ; 1. Synopidse; 2. Trischizostomatidae ; 

 3. Hyperiopsidfc. He admits that the Synopidre " resemble the true Gammarids in more 

 points than those of the two following families do." In the diagnosis of this family, he 

 says that " the eyes occupy the upper median part of the head, and are distinctly faceted." 

 To the genus Synopia, Dana, he assigns six species, of which he gives descriptions, and, 

 of all but the last, figures; all the species, he says, "are closely allied and seem rather to 

 deserve the name of varieties than of species," but, "as their differences seem to be 

 constant," he keeps them distinct under the following names; 1. Synopia ultramarina, 

 Dana ; 2. Synopia caraihica, n. s.; 3. Synopia angusHfrons, Dana ; 4. Synopia Sclieeleana, 

 n. s.; 5. Synopiia gracilis, Dana ; 6. Synopia orientalis, Kossmann. Of these Synopia 

 scheeleana had long ago been figured for this Eeport, having been taken by the Challenger 

 at the surface in the Pacific and elsewhere. One or two minute differences between the 

 description by Bovallius and my own are noticed in the account of the species. 



To the family Trischizostomatidw, Sars, the genus Trischizodoma, Boeck, is assigned without 

 companions, and with the single species Trischizostoma raschii, Boeck. New descriptions 

 and figures are given of the adult female and young male. For my opinion on the proper 

 name for this genus, see Note on A. Costa, 1853. 



The third family Hyperiopsidai has the single genus Hyperiopsis, Sars, and the one species 

 " Hyperiopsis VoerinoH" Sars, the figures and details being borrowed from G. 0. Sars' recent 

 work on the Crustacea ot the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition 1876-1878. 



