578 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



of feet." Podocerus falcatus, Montagu, Podocerus pelar/icus, Leach, and Podocenis 

 pulchellus, Leach, are given as three species, but with the statement that " the last two 

 species may be varieties of P. falcatus. Figure 1 on Plate IV. is an outline of " Protella 

 phasma, Dana (young)," of which Mr. Fowler observes that " none of the characteristic 

 spines on the back are developed except that on the head ; and the palm of the second 

 cheliped is much simpler than that of the adult, exhibiting only one, not very strong, 

 tooth." 



1886. Fowler, G. Herbert. 



The Zoological Eecord for 1885; being Volume the twenty-second of the Record 

 of zoological literature. London, m.dccc.lxxxvi. Crustacea by G. Herbert Fowler, 

 B.A., Ph.D. 29 pages. 



1886. GeRSTAECKER, A. 



Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, wissenschaftlich 

 dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Fortgesetzt von Dr. A. Gerstaecker. Fiinfter 

 Band. II. Abtheilung. Gliederfiissler ; Arthropoda. 16. und 17. Lieferung. 

 Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1886. pp. 417-512. 



In this part is finished the discussion of the variety of colouring found among the Amphipoda, 



and mention made of the correspondence in some species between the colour of the animal 



and its surroundings. A section, number 3, follows on habitat, in which the remark is 



made that liitherto only a single species, Orcliestia cavimana, Heller, has been proved (by 



Graeffe's experiments) to have entirely given up the water and become an air-breather like 



the terrestrial Isopods. It is further said that of the Gammarid group hitherto only a 



single species, Pherusa fudcola, Leach, has been observed as an inhabitant of the wrack 



thrown up by the sea. But surely the common Gammari, locusta and marinus, are much 



more frequently found in such circumstances than Pherusa fucicola, which along with many 



other species, haunts the weeds between tide marks. Section 4 describes some of the 



contrivances by which Amphipoda provide themselves with dwellings, giving an account, 



among other matters, of the investigation by which P. Mayer discovered that Phronwia 



sedentaria makes use of other animals for a residence besides Ptjrosoma. In Section 5, on 



the means of boring, it is suggested that the large lower antennae of Chelura terebrans may be 



of use in removing the gnawed-ofF particles of wood from the passages. Section 6 is on the 



period of appearance of some of the Amphipoda. Section 7, on motion, describes Ger- 



staecker's own observations on Gammarus pulex. This, he says, swims never on its side 



except when the shallowness of the water compels it, but otherwise almost always with the 



back uppermost, only occasionally and for a short time back downwards. It always swims 



straight forward, with the last three pairs of pereeopods turned upwards, the first two pairs 



by their movements assisting the pleopods, the gnathopods held perfectly quiet, the antennae 



for the most part kept in motion. In reference to " Talitrus saltator," Gerstaecker makes the 



suggestion that the second gnathopod may be employed in digging the hole in the sand for the 



creature to bury itself, though the small size and fineness of the integument of the hand of 



this hmb are recognised as out of harmony with the suggestion. The first gnathopod would 



seem to be a more efficient instrument for the purpose in question. Gerstaecker suspects 



that the swimming movements of " Lepidadijlis (Stdcator) arenaria " must be especially 



