PLATE 15. 

 Archaeocidaris urii (Fleming). Page 276. 



Fig. 1. Lower Carboniferous, Knock Hill Quarry, Fife, Scotland. Museum of Practical Geology, London, 16,319. X 1.8. 



Showing coronal ambulacral plates and four columns in an interambulacrum, also some peristomal plates. 

 Fig. 2. Lower Carboniferous, Hunsriicken, Germany (after Tornquist, 1S97, Plate 23, fig. 4). a, b. c, spine. X 0.9 



and enlarged. Spinules pronounced, in series, directed distally. 

 Fig. 3. Culm, Lower Carboniferous, Konigsberg, Germany (after Parkinson, 1903, Plate 15, fig. 13). The holotype of 



Archaeocidaris regimontana Parkinson, here considered a synonym. A single interambulacral plate. 



Archaeocidaris halliana iGeinitz). Page 279. 



Fig. 4. Upper Carboniferous, Nebraska City, Nebraska (after Geinitz, 1866, Plate 5, figs, la, lb, 2a, 2b). Cotypes. 

 a, interambulacral plate, natural size and enlarged; b, spine enlarged X about 6. c, same much enlarged, with 

 minute spinules in numerous vertical series. 



Archaeocidaris muensteriana (Koninck). Page 280. 



Fig. 5. Lower Carboniferous, Vise, Belgium (after Koninck, 1842-'44, Plate E, figs. 2a-2d). Cotypes. a, plate, X 0.9, 

 and enlarged; b, spine, X 0.9; c, base of same enlarged, with minute spinules in numerous vertical series. 



Archaeocidaris forbesiana (Koninck). Page 280. 



Fig. 6. Productus Limestone, Salt Range, Permian, near Katta, Golawali, and Bazarwan, India (after Waagen, 1879-'87, 

 Plate 95, figs. 5a, 7a, 13b, 14, 15). Natural size, a, b, imperfect interambulacral plates, c, base of spine; d, e, 

 spines (cotypes), which are inflated with minute spinules in vertical series. 



Archaeocidaris spinoclavata Worthen and Miller. Page 281. 



Figs. 7a-7e. Middle and Lower Coal Measures, St. Clair and Marshall Counties, Illinois (after Worthen and Miller, 1883, 



Plate 30, figs. 14a, 14b, 14e). Cotypes. Plates hexagonal; spine distally enlarged, densely spinulose. 

 Figs. 7f-7h. After Meek and Worthen, 1873, Plate 24, figs. 13a, 13d, 13e, who figured them as Archaeocidaris (?) sp. Spines 

 inflated, densely spinulose. 



Archaeocidaris clavata (Eichwald). Page 282 



Fig. S. Carboniferous, Yegorjefsk, Province of Kalonga, Russia (after Eichwald, 1860, Plate 33, fig. 16. By error given 

 as Plate 23 on my p. 2S2. Holotype. Spine, inflated. 



Archaeocidaris selwyni R. Etheridge, Jr. Page 447. 



Fig. 9. Nowra Grit, Permo-Carboniferous, Xowra, Shoalhaven River, County St. Vincent, New South Wales (after R. 

 Etheridge, Jr., lS92a, Plate 15, fig. 3) from casts of part of the plates of the holotype. X 0.9. 



Fig. 10. Upper Marine Series, Permo-Carboniferous, Dagworth, about five miles south of West Maitland, County 

 Northumberland, New South Wales (after R. Etheridge, Jr., 1892a, Plate 22, fig. 1 in part). Etheridge considered 

 this distinct from .1. selwyni. Natural size. Four columns of plates in an interambulacral area. 



Eocidaris laevispina (Sandberger). Page 255. 



Fig. 11. Middle Devonian, Villmar (after Bather, 1909, Plate 1, figs. 1-4). Enlarged, a, b, c, interambulacral plates; 

 d, base of spine, a, the original of Sandberger's, 1855-'56, Plate 35, fig. 2b; b, the original of Sandberger 's Plate 

 35, fig. 2; c, selected by Bather as the lecto-holotype, the original of Sandberger's Plate 35, fig. 2a; d, base of 

 primary spine, the original of Sandberger's Plate 35, fig. 2d. None of the plates shows a basal terrace. 



Fig. 12. Middle Devonian, Villmar (after Bather, 1909, Plate 1, fig. 5). Enlarged. The holotype of Cidaris scrobicu- 

 lulii Sandberger, here considered a synonym, the original of Sandberger's 1855- '56, Plate 35, fig. 3. No basal terrace 



Archaeocidaris konincki Desor. Page 446. 



Fig. 13. Lower Carboniferous, Tournay, Belgium (after Desor, 1858, Plate 21, figs. 7-10. Cotypes. Imperfectly known. 



Archaeocidaris trautscholdi Tornquist. Page 448. 



Fig. 14. Lower Carboniferous. Miatschkowa, near Moscow (after Tornquist, 1896, Plate 4. fig 1). Holotype. Plate 

 seen from within. Imperfectly known. 



Archaeocidaris ladina Stache, Page 446. 



Fig. 15. Bellerophonkalke, Lower Carboniferous, St. Martin, South Tyrol (after Stache, 1S77, Plate 5, fig. lib). Cotypes 

 Enlarged. Base of spine and pieces of spines with short spinules. Imperfectly known. 



Echinocrinus striatus Eichwald. Page 450. 



Fig. 16. Dolomitie Limestone, Bogoslowsk, Ural (after Eichwald. 1860, Plate 33, fig. 17). Holotype. Enlarged. Prac- 

 tically unrecognizable. 



Fig. 1 drawn by A. T. Hollick; figs. 11, 12 copied by J. Henry Blake; all other figures copied by \V. M. Barrows. 



