PASSERES FRINGILLID^E FRINGILLA. 151 



THE BAY-WINGED SPARROW. 



Fringilla graminea. 

 tlate lxi. fig. 140. 

 (STATE COLLECTION.) 



Fringilla graminea, Gmelin. Grass Fivh, Pennant, Arct. Zool. Vol.2, p. 375. 



Emberiza id. Wilson, Am. Orn. Vol. 4, p. 51, pi. 31, fig. 5. 



F. (Spiza) graminea. Bonaparte. Ann. Lye. N. \. Vol. ?, p. 108. Nijttall, Man. Orn. Vol. 1, p. 482. 



Audubon, folio, pi. 90. 

 F. ( Zonotrichia } id. Rich. &. Swainson, F. B. A. Vol. 2, p. 254. Kirtland, Zool. Ohio, p. 164. 



Peabody, Buds of Mass. p. 322. 

 Emberiza id.. Bay-winged Bunting. Audubon, B. of A. Vol. 3, p. 65, pi. 159. 

 E. id. Giraud, Birds of Long Island, p. 101. 



Characteristics. Above, grey varied with dusky. Breast and flanks streaked with brown 

 spots. Lesser wing-coverts bay. The outer tail-feathers partly white. 

 Length, 5j inches. 



Description. Bill feebly notched near the tip. Second and third quills nearly equal. Tail 

 slightly emarginate, 1 *2 longer than the tips of the closed wings ; its feathers slightly acumi- 

 nate. 



Color. Above, the head streaked with dark brown lines, which become more dilated on 

 the interscapulars. Smaller wing-coverts bay, but this is nearly concealed by the feathers of 

 the side of the neck. Wings and tail of the same color with the streaks. Ear-feathers 

 dull chesnut : a narrow soiled whitish circle around the eye. Outer webs of the quills, and 

 tips of the wing-coverts, edged with dull white. The first outer tail-feathers nearly all white ; 

 the second with the terminal portion of the outer vane whitish. Two obscure narrow white 

 bands on the wings, formed by the tips of the wing-coverts. Beneath, the chin bluish grey. 

 Breast and flanks dull white, and streaked wilh dusky. Belly and vent soiled white. Female 

 scarcely differs from the male. 



Length, 5-5-6-0. Alar extent, 10-0-10-2. 



This familiar sparrow, known in many parts of this State as the Grass-bird and Grey 

 Grass-bird, is common in the Atlantic district during the whole year. The greater number, 

 however, pass a few of the winter months not farther north than Pennsylvania. The eggs 

 are flesh-colored, with numerous reddish brown blotches, thickest at the larger end : the nest 

 is placed on the ground. Feeds on insects and grass-seeds. It ranges from Texas to the 

 57th parallel along the Atlantic coast. It has been observed on the Columbia river, and also 

 in the State of Ohio. 



