198 BUCKINGHAM: BALANCING OF TURBINES 



These results show that even with considerable variation in the 

 amount of excess of bromine used, no appreciable effect upon the 

 results is obtained. The determinations can be easily made in 

 less than an hour and no other standard solution than thiosul- 

 phate is required. The effect of the carbon bisulphide is to pre- 

 vent the too vigorous action of the bromine on the thymol; with- 

 out its use high results are obtained unless only the slightest excess 

 of Br is used and in that case the results are apt to be too low on 

 account of using insufficient Br to complete the reaction. The 

 CS 2 appears therefore to act as a safety valve and assures accur- 

 ate results even with considerable variation in the other condi- 

 tions of the determination. The CS 2 also has the advantage that 

 since it is an excellent solvent for thymol it can be used to extract 

 this compound from its mixtures or solutions, and then by adding 

 water and excess of Br the determination readily made as above 

 outlined. 



There is little doubt that this method is of general applicability 

 to practically all aromatic phenols for the determination of which 

 various other bromine methods have so far been suggested. It 

 is my intention to ascertain the limits of the applicability of this 

 method at an early date and publish the results in a more detailed 

 paper elsewhere. 



MARINE ENGINEERING.— Thrust balancing in direct-con- 

 nected, marine steam turbines. E. Buckingham, Bureau of 

 Standards. Communicated by C. W. Waidner. 



It is desirable that in a direct-connected marine steam tur- 

 bine, the steam thrust shall balance the propeller thrust so as to 

 relieve the main thrust bearing, altho this bearing must be able 

 to take up the full unbalanced thrust in either direction which 

 may be thrown on it for short periods during maneuvering or as 

 a result of accident. If such a balance could be attained only 

 at the expense of considerable sacrifices in other directions or 

 only for one particular speed of the ship, it would not be worth 

 much attention, and it appears from published designs that many 

 builders attach little importance to close balancing. It will be 

 pointed out in this paper that a balance may be attained without 



