proceedings: anthropological society 305 



0/ history and archaeology, in abstract as follows: The term history as 

 applied to the human race is a comprehensive designation corresponding 

 to Anthropology which is defined as the science of man. According 

 to Powell's classification Anthropology may be considered under seven 

 heads giving rise to as many branches of research, as follows : Somatology 

 psychology, philology, sociology, sophiology, technology, and esthet- 

 ology. 



The records or sources of information to be drawn upon in these 

 researches are comprised under two principal heads: Intentional or 

 purposeful records, and non-intentional or fortuitous records. 



The intentional records are of five forms (1) The pictorial — picto- 

 graphs; (2) the commemorative — -monumental structures; (3) oral — 

 tradition and lore; (4) objective-mnemonic — -quipu, wampum; (5) 

 inscribed, written — ^glyphic, alphabetic. Fortuitous records take numer- 

 ous forms: (1) The diversified material results of human activities in 

 which the commemorative-mnemonic motives are absent but which 

 comprise the great body of the products of handicraft; (2) the immaterial 

 results of human activity as embodied in language, beliefs, customs, 

 music, philosophy, etc.; (3) the ever existing unpremeditated body of 

 memories which accrue to each generation and are in part transmitted 

 adventitiously; (4) the record embodied in the physical constitution of 

 man which when properly read, tells the story of his development from 

 lower forms; (5) the records of intellectual growth and powers to be 

 sought and studied in the constitution of the mind; (6) the environments 

 which may be made to reveal the story of the nurture and upbuilding of 

 the race throughout the past. 



It is from these diversified records that the story of the seven grand 

 divisions of the history of man must be drawn. Archeology stands 

 apart from this classification of the science, traversing in its own way the 

 entire field of research. It claims for its own more especially that which 

 is old or ancient in this vast body of data. It is even called upon to pick 

 up the lost lines of the earlier written records as with the shadowy begin- 

 nings of glyphic and phonetic writing and restore them to the historian. 



It must follow back the obscure trails of tradition and substantiate or 

 discredit the lore of the fathers. It must interpret the pictorial records 

 inscribed by the ancients on rock faces and cavern walls. Archeology 

 is thus the great retriever of history. 



The services of archeologic science are equally potent in the field of the 

 fortuitous records for it reads that which was never intended to be read. 

 The products of human handicraft, present and past, which have auto- 

 matically recorded the doings of the ages are made to tell the story of the 

 struggles, the defeats, and the triumph of humanity. The fortuitous 

 records embodied in the non-material products of man's activities of 

 today, are made to cast a strong light on the history and significance of 

 the material things of the past. Even the body of knowledge gathered 

 from many sources, stored in the memory of the living, may be made to 

 illumine the past ; and the physical and psychical man are in themselves 

 records and may be made to tell the story of their own becoming and to 



