WAIDNER, DICKINSON AND CROWE : OCEAN TEMPERATURES 407 



larly as the growler was approached until 10.45 a.m. when the tem- 

 perature was 5?7C., at which time the distance from the growler, 

 estimated by the range finder, was about 500 yards. At 11.00 

 a.m. the distance was about 150 yards. A party put out in a 

 boat to take observations of temperature around the growler whose 

 mass was estimated at about 12,000 tons. The surface tempera- 

 ture as determined by the observers in the life boat ranged from 

 5?8 to 6?7C. 



At 1.20 p.m., the ship steamed toward a large berg about 12 

 miles distant. The course of the ship around this berg is shown 

 by the diagram in the upper right corner of figure 1. The course 

 Z) is 6 to 7 miles in length. The various legs of this course A, B, 

 — G are also indicated on the temperature record, figure 1, No 

 significance can be assigned to the irregular fluctuations of tem- 

 perature observed around this berg (see figure 2). 



About 5.25 p.m. the ship lay to, abeam of the berg at a distance 

 of 300 yards. A party put out in a small boat for temperature 

 observations. The time until about 7.00 p.m. was spent in the 

 immediate neighborhood of the berg, the ship sailing around the 

 berg, while the party in the small boat was taking observations. 

 From about 7.00 to 9.30 p.m. the ship lay to, during which time the 

 ship and berg drifted apart. The ship then cruised around until 

 midnight in an unsuccessful effort to locate the berg with the aid 

 of two powerful searchlights. From measurements made with two 

 stadimeters, on the ship and on the whaleboat respectively, the 

 mass of the berg was found to be about 400,000 tons. 



The mean of a number of temperature observations taken from 

 the whale boat gave the following surface temperatures: 20 feet 

 from the berg 4?5, 35 feet 4?9, 50 feet 5?0, 75 feet 5?4, 200 feet 

 5?7C. The temperature at a distance of 50 feet from the berg and 

 at a depth of 5 fathoms was 3?6C., and at a depth of 20 fathoms 

 3?3. At some miles distant from the berg temperatures were 

 encountered as low as those observed a few feet from the berg. 



Variations in the salinity of sea water. Variation in the salinity 

 of sea water in the neighborhood of icebergs due to the diluting 

 action of the water resulting from the melting of the ice is so 

 small as to be entirely masked by the accidental variations found 



