Uhap. I. THEIR PARENTAGE. 27 



rise to two breeds in the same country, resembling two of its 

 aboriginal species, as in the above-given cases of Guiana and 

 of North America. 23 



It cannot be objected to the view of several canine species 

 having been anciently domesticated, that these animals are 

 tamed with difficulty : facts have been already given on this 

 head, but I may add that the young of the Canis primcevus of 

 India were tamed by Mr. Hodgson, 29 and became as sensible 

 of caresses, and manifested as much intelligence, as any 

 sporting dog of the same age. There is not much difference, 

 as we have already shown and shall further see, in habits 

 between the domestic dogs of the North American Indians and 

 the wolves of that country, or between the Eastern pariah 

 dogs and jackals, or between the dogs which have run wild 

 in various countries and the several natural species of the 

 family. The habit of barking, however, which is almost 

 universal with domesticated dogs, forms an excejjtion, as it 

 does not characterise a single natural species of the family, 

 though I am assured that the Canis latrans of North America 

 utters a noise which closely approaches a bark. But this 

 habit is soon lost by dogs when they become feral and is soon 

 reacquired when they are again domesticated. The case of 

 the wild dogs on the island of Juan Fernandez having become 

 dumb has often been quoted, and there is reason to believe 30 

 that the dumbness ensued in the course of thirty-three years ; 

 on the other hand, dogs taken from this island by Ulloa 

 slowly reacquired the habit of barking. The Mackenzie- 

 river dogs, of the Canis latrans type, when brought to Eng- 

 land, never learned to bark properly ; but one born in the 

 Zoological Gardens 31 " made his voice sound as loudly as any 

 other dog of the same age and size." According to Professor 



28 These latter remarks afford, I navian Adventures,' 1854, vol. i. p. 480. 

 think, a sufficient answer to some With respect to the jackal, see Prof. 

 criticisms by Mr. Wallace, on the Gervais, ' Hist. Nat. Mamm.' torn. ii. 

 multiple origin of dogs, given in p. 61. With respect to the aguara of 

 Lyell's 'Principles of Geology,' 1872, Paraguay, see Rengger's work. 



vol. ii. p. 295. 30 Roulin, in ' Mem. present, par 



29 'Proceedings Zoolog. Soc.,' 1833, divers Savans,' torn. vi. p. 341. 



p. 112. See, also, on the taming of 8I Martin, 'History of the Dog,' 



the common wolf, L. Lloyd, ' Scandi- p. 14. 



