Chap. III. PARK-CATTLE. 89 



wild cattle of Scotland were white and furnished with a great 

 mane ; but the colour of their ears is not mentioned. In 

 Wales, 53 during the tenth century, some of the cattle are 

 described as being white with red ears. Four hundred cattle 

 thus coloured were sent to King John ; and an early record 

 speaks of a hundred cattle with red ears having been de- 

 manded as a compensation for some oifence, but, if the cattle 

 were of a dark or black colour, 150 were to be presented. 

 The black cattle of North Wales apparently belong, as we 

 have seen, to the small longifrons type : and as the alter- 

 native was offered of either 150 dark cattle, or 100 white 

 cattle with red ears, we may presume that the latter 

 were the larger beasts, and probably belonged to the 

 primigenius type. Youatt has remarked that at the present 

 day, whenever cattle of the short-horn breed are white, the 

 extremities of their ears are more or less tinged with red. 



The cattle which have run wild on the Pampas, in Texas, 

 and in two parts of Africa, have become of a nearly uniform 

 dark brownish-red. 54 On the Ladrone Islands, in the Pacific 

 Ocean, immense herds of cattle, which were wild in the year 

 1741, are described as " milk-white, except their ears, which 

 are generally black." 55 The Falkland Islands, situated far 

 south, with all the conditions of life as different as it is 

 possible to conceive from those of the Ladrones, offer a more 

 interesting case. Cattle have run wild there during eighty 

 or ninety years ; and in the southern districts the animals 

 are mostly white, with their feet, or whole heads, or only 

 their ears black ; but my informant, Admiral Sulivan, 56 who 

 long resided on these islands, does not believe that they are 

 ever purely white. So that in these two archipelagos we see 

 that the cattle tend to become white with coloured ears. In 

 other parts of the Falkland Islands other colours prevail : 

 near Port Pleasant brown is the common tint ; round Mount 



53 Youatt on Cattle, 1834, p. 48: guay,' torn. ii. p. 361. Azara 

 See also p. 242, on short-horn cattle. quotes Buffon for the feral cattle of 

 Bell, in his ' British Quadrupeds,' p. Africa. For Texas, see ' Times,' Feb. 

 423, states that, after long attending 18, 1846. 



to the subject, he has found that " Anson's Voyage. See Kerr and 



white cattle invariably have coloured Porter's ' Collection,' vol. xii. p. 103. 



ears. 56 See also Mr. Mackinnon's pam- 



54 Azara, ' Quadrupedes du Para- phlet on the Falkland Islands, p. 24. 



