Chap. XI. BUD-VARIATION. 397 



CHAPTER XL 



ON BUD-VARIATION, AND ON CERTAIN ANOMALOUS MODES OF 

 REPRODUCTION AND VARIATION. 



3UD-YARIATION IN THE TEACH, PLUM, CHERRY, VINE, GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, 

 AND BANANA, AS SHOW N BY THE MODIFIED FRUIT — IN FLOWERS I 

 CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, ROSES, ETC. — ON THE RUNNING 

 OF THE COLOUR IN CARNATIONS — BUD-VARIATIONS IN LEAVES — VARIA- 

 TIONS BY SUCKERS, TUBERS, AND BULBS — ON THE BREAKING OF TULIPS 

 — BUD-VARIATIONS GRADUATE INTO CHANGES CONSEQUENT ON CHANGED 

 CONDITIONS OF LIFE — GRAFT-HYBRIDS —ON THE SEGREGATION OF THE 

 PARENTAL CHARACTERS IN SEMINAL HYBRIDS BY BUD-VARIATION — ON 

 THE DIRECT OR IMMEDIATE ACTION OF FOREIGN POLLEN ON THE MOTHER- 

 PLANT — ON THE EFFECTS IN FEMALE ANIMALS OF A PREVIOUS IMPREG- 

 NATION ON THE SUBSEQUENT OFFSPRING — CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY. 



This chapter will be chiefly devoted to a subject in many 

 respects important, namely, bud-variation. By this term I 

 include all those sudden changes in structure or appearance 

 which occasionally occur in full-grown plants in their flower- 

 buds or leaf-buds. Gardeners call such changes " Sports ;" 

 but this, as previously remarked, is an ill-defined expression, 

 as it has often been applied to strongly marked variations in 

 seedling plants. The difference between seminal and bud 

 reproduction is not so great as it at first appears ; for each 

 bud is in one sense a new and distinct individual ; but such 

 individuals are produced through the formation of various 

 kinds of buds without the aid of any special apparatus, 

 whilst fertile seeds are produced by the concourse of the two 

 sexual elements. The modifications which arise through 

 bud- variation can generally be propagated to any extent by 

 grafting, budding, cuttings, bulbs, &c, and occasionally even 

 by seed. Some few of our most beautiful and iiseful pro- 

 ductions have arisen by bud-variation. 



Bud-variations have as yet been observed only in the 

 vegetable kingdom ; but it is probable that if compound 

 uniinals, such as corals, &c, had been subjected to a long 



