Chap. XI. MALE ELEMENT ON THE MOTHER-FOEM. 431 



to the axis. Mr. Arnold, in Canada, varied the experiment in an 

 interesting manner : " a female flower was subjected first to tbe 

 " action of pollen from a yellow variety, and then to that from a 

 " white variety ; the result was an ear, each grain of which was 

 " yellow below and white above." 139 With other plants it has 

 occasionally been observed that the crossed offspring showed the 

 influence of two kinds of pollen, but in this case the two kinds 

 affected the mother-plant. 



Mr. Sabine states 140 that he has seen the form of the nearly 

 globular seed-capsule of Amaryllis vittata altered by the application 

 of the pollen of another species, of which the capsule has gibbous 

 angles. With an allied genus, a well-known botanist, Maximowicz, 

 has described in detail the striking results of reciprocally fertilising 

 Lilium bulbiferum and davuricum with each others pollen. Each 

 species produced fruit not like its own, but almost identical with 

 that of tbe pollen-bearing species; but from an accident only the 

 fruit of the latter species was carefully examined ; the seeds were 

 intermediate in the development of their wings. 141 



Fritz Muller fertilised Cattleya leopoldi with pollen of Epidendron 

 cinnabarinum ; and the capsules contained very few seeds ; but these 

 presented a most wonderful appearance, which, from the description 

 given, two botanists, Hildebrand and Maximowicz, attribute to the 

 direct action of the pollen of the Epidendron. 142 



Mr. J. Anderson Henry 143 crossed Rhododendron dalhousice with 

 the pollen of R. uuttallii, which is one of the largest-flowered and 

 noblest species of the genus. The largest pod produced by the 

 former species, when fertilised with its own pollen, measured If inch 

 in length and I5 in girth; whilst three of the pods which had been 

 fertilised by pollen of R. nuttalUi measured If inch in length and 

 no less than 2 inches in girth. Here the effect of the foreign pollen 

 was apparently confined to increasing the size of the ovarium ; but 

 we must be cautious in assuming, as the following case shows, that 

 size had been transferred from the male parent to the capsule of the 

 female plant. Mr. Henry fertilised Arabis blepharophylla with pollen 

 of A. soyeri, and the pods thus produced, of which he was so kind 

 as to send me detailed measurements and sketches, were much 

 larger in all their dimensions than those naturally produced by 

 either the male or female parent-species. In a future chapter we 

 shall see that the organs of vegetation in hybrid plants, indepen- 



139 See Dr. J. Stockton-Hough, in by foreign pollen, but as it does not 

 American Naturalist,' Jan. 1874, p. appear that the mother-plant was 

 29. artificially fertilised, I have not 



140 'Transact. Hort. Soc.,' vol. v. entered into details. 



p. 69. 142 ' Bot. Zeitung,' Sept. 1868, p. 



141 'Bull, de l'Acad. Imp. de St. 331. For Maximowicz's judgment, 

 Petersburg,' torn. xvii. p. 275, 1872. see the paper last referred to. 



The author gives references to those 143 ' Journal of He rticulture,' Jan. 



sases in the Solanaceae of fruit affected 20, 1863, p. 46. 



