Class I. i. 3. 10. OF IRRITATION. 35 



confifting of two drams of turpentine diffolved by yolk cf egg, 

 and fixty drops of tincture of opium, mould be uied at night, 

 and repeated, with cathartic medicines interpofed, every night, 

 or alternate nights. Aerated folution of alkali fhouid be taken 

 internally, and balfam of copaiva, three or four times a day. 

 Some of thefe patients recover after having made no water for 

 nine or ten dcivs. 



If a ftone {ticks in the ureter with incefrant vomiting ten grains 

 of calomel muff, be given in fmall pills as above ; and fome hours 

 afterwards infuflon of fenna and falts and oil, if it can be made 

 to flay on the ltomach. And after the purge has operated four 

 or five times, an opiate is to be given, if the pain continues, con- 

 futing of two grains of opiuni. If this does not fucceed, ten or 

 twenty electric (hocks through the kidney fhouid be tried, and 

 the purgative repeated, and afterwards the opiate. The patient 

 fhouid be frequently put into the warm bath for an hour at a 

 time. Eighty or a hundred drops of laudanum given in a glyf- 

 ter, with two drams of turpentine, are to be preferred to the 

 two grains given by the flomach as above, when the pain and 

 vomiting are very urgent. 



10. Calculus veftca. Stone of the bladder. The nucleus, or 

 kernel, of thefe concretions is always formed in the kidney, as 

 above defcribed •, and palling down the ureter into the bladder, 

 is there perpetually increafed by the mucus and falts iecreted 

 from the arterial fyftem, or by the mucus of the bladder, difpo- 

 fed in concentric ftrata. The Hones found in the bowels of 

 horfes are alio formed on a nucleus, and confift of concentric 

 fpheres ; as appears infawing them through the middle. But 

 as thefe are formed by the indurated mucus of the inteftines 

 alone without the urinary falts, it is probable a difference would 

 be found on their analyfis. 



As the (tones of the bladder are of various degrees of hardnefs, 

 and probably differ from each other in the proportions at leaft of 

 their component parts ; when a patient, who labours under this 

 afflicting difeafe, voids any fmall bits of gravel , thefe ihould be 

 kept in warm folutions of f auftic alkali, or of mild alkali well 

 aerated ; and if they diifolve in thefe folutions, it would afford 

 greater hopes, that that which remains in the bladder, might be 

 affected by thefe medicines taken by the if omach, or injected 

 into the bladder. 



To prevent the increafe of a (tone in the bladder much diluent 

 drink fhouid be taken ; as half a pint of water warmed to about 

 eighty degrees, three or four times a day : which will not only 

 prevent the growth of it, by preventing any microcofmic falts 

 from being precipitated from the urine, and by keeping the mu- 

 cus 



