Class IV. 2. 3. 7. OF ASSOCIATION. 425 



that of anger ; for in thefe fituations there is always a fudden 

 voluntarity, or wifh, of clearing their characters arifes in the 

 mind of the accufed perfon ; which, before an opportunity is 

 given for it to be expended on the large mufcles, influences the 

 capillary arteries and glands, as in the preceding article. Whence 

 the' increafed actions of the capillaries, and the confequent red- 

 nefs and heat, become exerted between the voluntary ideas of 

 felf-defence, and the mufcular actions neceffary for that purpofe ; 

 which laft are thus for a time interrupted or delayed. 



Even in the blufh of modetly or bafhfulnefs there is a felf- 

 condemnation for fome fuppofed defect or indecorum, and a 

 fudden voluntarity, or wifh, of felf-defence -, which not being 

 expended in actions of the larger mufcles excites the capillaries 

 into action 5 which in thefe fubjects are more mobile than in 

 others. 



The blufh of young girls en coming into an affembly room* 

 where they expect their drefs, and fteps, and manner, to be ex- 

 amined, as in dancing a minuet, may have another origin j and 

 may be confidered as a hot fit of returning confidence, after a 

 previous cold fit of fear. 



7. Tarditas paralytica. By a ftroke of the palfy or apoplexy 

 it frequently happens, that thofe ideas which were aflbciated in 

 trains, whofe firft link was a voluntary idea,have their connection 

 diflevered ; and the patient is under the neceflity, by repeated 

 efforts, flowly to renew their affociations. In this fituation thofe 

 words, which have the feweft other words aflbciated with them, 

 as the proper names of perfons or places, are the mofl difficult 

 to recollect. And in thofe efforts of recollection the word op- 

 posite to the word required is often produced, as hot for cold, 

 winter for fummer, which is owing to our affociating our ideas 

 of things by their oppofites as well as by their fimilitudes, and 

 in fome inftances perhaps more frequently, or more forcibly. 

 Other paralytic patients are liable to give wrong names to exter- 

 nal objects, as ufing the word pigs for fheep, or cows for horfes ; 

 in this cafe the aflbciation between the idea of the animal and 

 the name of it is diffevered ; but the idea of the clafs or genus of 

 the thing remains ; and he takes a name from the firft fpecies 

 which prefents itfelf, and fometimes can correct himfelf, till he 

 finds the true one. 



8. Tarditas fenilis. Slownefs of age. The difficulty of aflb- 

 ciating ideas increafes with our age \ as may be obferved from 

 old people forgetting the bufinefs of the laft hour, unlefs they 

 imprefs it ftrongiy, or by frequent repetition, though they can 

 well recollect the tranfactions of their youth. I law an elderly 

 -man, who could reafon with great clearnefs and preciiion, and- 



Vcl. II. G g g in 



