Chap. XIX. SEXUAL DIFFERENCES. 321 



betueen the sexes is more than thrice as great as with 

 the Australians. The numerous measurements of various 

 other races, with respect to stature, the circumference 

 of the neck and chest, and the length of tlie back-bone 

 and arms, which were carefully made, nearly all shewed 

 that the males differed much more from each other than 

 did the females. This fact indicates that, as far as these 

 characters are concerned, it is the male which has been 

 chiefly modified, since the races diverged from their 

 common and primeval source. 



The development of the beard and the hairiness of 

 the body differ remarkably in the men belonging to 

 distinct races, and even to different families in the same 

 race. We Europeans see tins amongst ourselves. In 

 the island of St. Kilda, according to Marti n,^^ the men 

 do not acquire beards, which are very thin, until the 

 age of thirty or upwards. On the Europaeo-xlsiatic 

 continent, beards prevail until we pass beyond India, 

 though AAith the natives of Ceylon they are frequently 

 absent, as was noticed in ancient times by Diodorus.^^ 

 Beyond India beards disappear, as with the Siamese, 

 Malays, Kalmucks, Chinese, and Japanese ; nevertheless 

 the Ainos,^* who inhabit the northernmost islands of the 

 Japan archipelago, are the most hairy men in the world. 

 With negroes the beard is scanty or absent, and they have 

 no whiskers ; in both sexes the body is generally almost 

 destitute of fine down.-^^ On the other hand, the Pa- 



12 'Voyage to St. Kilcla' (3rd edit. 1753) p. 87. 



13 Sir J. E. Tennent, ' Ceylon,' vol. ii. 1859, p. 107. 



1* Qiiatrefages, ' Revue des Cours Scientifiques,' Aug. 29, 1868, p. G30 ; 

 Vogt, ' Lectures on Man,' Eng. translat. p. 127- 



'^ On the beards of negroes, Vogt, ' Lectures,' &c. ibid. p. 127 ; Waitz, 

 ' Introduct. to Anthropology,' Engl, translat. 1863, vol. i. p. 96. It is 

 remarkable tliat in the United States (' Investigations in Military and 

 Anthropological Statistics of American Soldiers,' 1869, p. 509) the 



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