136 



STERILITY FROM 



Chap. a. f UL 



more than one species of this genns has produced young in London, 

 especially the Macacus rhesus, which everywhere shows a special 

 capacity to breed under confinement. Hybrids have been produced 

 both in Paris and London from this same genus. Tlie Arabian 

 baboon, or Cynocephalus liamadryas^'" and a Cercopithecus have 

 bred in the Zoological Gardens, and the latter species at the Duke 

 of Northumberland's. Several members of the family of Lemurs 

 have produced hybrids in tlie Zoological Gardens. It is much 

 more remarkable that monkeys very rarely breed when confined 

 in their native country ; thus the Cay (Ce6«s ftzaroe) is frequently 

 and completely tamed in Paraguay, but Eengger ^'^ says that it breeds 

 so rarely, that he never saw more than two females which had 

 produced young. A similar observation has been made with respect 

 to the monkeys which are frequently tamed by the aborigines in 

 Brazil.^^ In Amazonia, these animals are so often kept in a tame 

 state, that Mr. Bates in walking through the streets of Para counted 

 thirteen species ; but, as he asserts, they have never been known to 

 breed in captivity.-^ 



Birds. 



Birds offer in some respects better evidence than quadrupeds, 

 from their breeding more rapidly and being kept in greater 

 numbers.^^ We have seen that carnivorous animals are more 

 fertile under confinement than most other mammals. The reverse 

 holds good with carnivorous birds. It is said^'^ that as many 

 as eighteen species have been used in Europe for hawking, and 

 several others in Persia and India ; ^^ they have been kept in their 

 native country in the finest condition, and have been flown during 

 six, eight, or nine years ; ^^ yet there is no record of their having 

 ever produced young. As these birds were formerly caught whilst 

 young, at great expense, being imported from Iceland, Norway, 



2^ See ' Annual Reports Zoolog. 

 Soc' 1855, 1858, 1863, 1864; 'Times' 

 newspapei*, Aug. 10th, 18-t7 ; Flou- 

 rens, ' De ITnstinct,' p. 85. 



s" ' Saugethiere,' &c., s. 34, 49. 



2^ Art. Brazil, 'Penny Cyclop.,' p. 

 363. 



28 < The Naturalist on the Amazons,' 

 vol. i. p. 99. 



^' A list of the species of birds 

 which have bred in the Zoological 

 Gardens from 1848 to 1867 inclusive 

 has been, published by Mr. Sclater 

 in ' Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,' 1869, p. 626, 

 since the first edition of this work 

 appeared. Of Columbae 51 species 

 have been kept, and of Anseres 80 

 species, and in both these families, 1 



species in 2*6 have bred at least once 

 in the 20 years. Of Gallina3, 83 

 species have been kept, and 1 in 2*7 

 have bred ; of 57 Oral la?, 1 in 9 have 

 bred; of 110 Prehensores, 1 in 22 

 have bred ; of 178 Passeres, 1 in 

 25*4 have bred; of 94 Accipitres, 

 1 in 47 have bred ; of 25 Picaria;, and 

 of 35 Herodiones, not one species in 

 either group has bred. 



^* ' Encyclop. of Rural Sports,' p. 

 691. 



^^ According to Sir A. Burnes 

 (' Cabool,' &c,, p. 51), eight species 

 are used for hawking in Sinde. 



32 Loudon's ^Mag. of Nat. Hist., 

 vol. vi., 1833, p. 110. 



