10 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



namely : in Europe, one species of Ramondia in the Pyrenees, and three species of 

 Ramondia and Haberlea in the Balkans ; in Africa, from the Cape to the Cameroons and 

 Zanzibar and Madagascar, twenty species, of which eighteen belong to the endemic genus 

 Streptooarpus ; in Australia four species, and in New Zealand one, belonging to the 

 endemic Rhabdothamnus. The distribution of the species of Cyrtandra is somewhat 

 remarkable, and offers an example of an Old World genus extending to the Sandwich 

 Islands, and there developing numerous forms. Clarke defines 167 species, whereof 151 

 are endemic, as far as at present known, in a single island or group of small islands as 

 follows: — Penang, 1 ; Sumatra, 21 ; Java, 10; Ceram, 1 ; New Guinea, 4 ; Halmaheira, 1 ; 

 Ternate, 1 ; Celebes, 3 ; Borneo, 24 ; Philippine Islands, 6 ; Ualan, Caroline Islands, 1 ; 

 New Hebrides, 2; Fijis, 20; Samoa, 9; Tahiti, 11; and the Sandwich Islands, 36. 

 Of the last, 16 appear to be confined to Oahu, 4 to Hawaii, and 7 to Kauai. 



THE GALAPAGOS. 



The flora of these islands not only contains a large number of species not found else- 

 where, but, what is more remarkable, each island of the group has its endemic species of 

 plants ; and Darwin states that this feature is almost as strongly developed in the animal 

 kingdom. Andersson's essay ' on the vegetation of the Galapagos is the latest, and further 

 accentuates this peculiarity, which was first brought to light in Sir Joseph Hooker's 

 elaboration of the collections made by Darwin, Edmonstone, Macrae, and others. He 

 enumerates 332 species of phanerogamous plants ; but the group has by no means been 

 exhaustively botanised, some of the islands being apparently still virgin ground. Chatham, 

 Charles, Albemarle, and James, are the islands whence Hooker had collections, and Anders- 

 son hastily visited these four islands, as well as Indefatigable. Of the whole number of 

 flowering plants hitherto collected, 158 are common to other regions, while 174, or more 

 than half, are peculiar to the islands ; and, excluding evidently introduced species, the 

 proportion of endemic species would be still higher. 2 Taking the endemic species, only 

 five of them are known to occur in all five of the islands named ; only two in four of the 

 islands ; and only six in three of the islands. Sixteen of the endemic species are found in 

 Chatham and Charles Islands : three in Chatham and Indefatigable ; seven in Chatham 

 and Albemarle ; four in Chatham and James ; two in Charles and Indefatigable ; four in 

 Charles and Albemarle ; four in Charles and James ; and two in James and Albemarle. 

 The numbers of species hitherto collected in only one island are : Charles, 40 ; James, 27 ; 

 Chatham, 26 ; Albemarle, 21 ; and Indefatigable, 29. Besides these there are three species 

 peculiar to the group, but it is not known in which island or islands they were collected. 



1 Linnaea, xxxi. p. GOO (German translation of the original Swedish). 



2 This would be about counterbalanced by deducting some of the forms treated as species by Andersson 

 which we should regard as varieties. 



