Chap. III.] MORAL SENSE. 75 



punished, the others tried to protect him. It must have 

 been sympathy in the cases above given which led the. 

 baboons and Cercopitheci to defend their young comrades 

 from the dogs and the eagle. I will give only one other 

 instance of sympathetic and heroic conduct in a little 

 American monkey. Several years ago a keeper at the 

 Zoological Gardens, showed me some deep and scarcely 

 healed wounds on the nape of his neck, inflicted on him 

 while kneeling on the floor by a fierce baboon. The little 

 American monkey, who was a warm friend of this keeper, 

 lived in the same large compartment, and was dreadfully 

 afraid of the great baboon. Nevertheless, as soon as he 

 saw his friend the keeper in peril, he rushed to the rescue, 

 and by screams and bites so distracted the baboon that 

 the man was able to escape, after running great risk, as 

 the surgeon who attended him thought, of his life. 



Besides love and sympathy, animals exhibit other qual- 

 ities which in us would be called moral ; and I agree witn 

 Agassiz 14 that dogs possess something very like a con- 

 science. They certainly possess some power of self-com- 

 mand, and this does not appear to be wholly the result of 

 fear. As Braubach 1B remarks, a dog will refrain from 

 stealing food in the absence of his master. Dogs have 

 long been accepted as the very type of fidelity and obedi- 

 ence. All animals living in a body which defend each 

 other or attack their enemies in concert, must be in some 

 degree faithful to each other ; and those that follow a 

 leader must be in some degree obedient. When the ba- 

 boons in Abyssinia 16 plunder a garden, they silently follow 

 their leader ; and if an imprudent young animal makes a 

 noise, he receives a slap from the others to teach him 

 silence and obedience ; but as soon as they are sure 



14 *De FEspece et de la Class.' 1869, p. 97. 



15 'Der Darwin'schen Art-Lehre,' 1869, s. 54. 



16 Brehm, « Thierleben,' B. i. s. 76. 



