Chap. VI.] AFFINITIES AND GENEALOGY. 189 



ian stem ; and that, under a genealogical point of view, 

 he must be classed with the Catarhine division. 11 



The anthropomorphous apes, namely the gorilla, chim- 

 panzee, orang, and hylobates, are separated as a distinct 

 sub-group from the other Old World monkeys by most 

 naturalists. I am aware that Gratiolet, relying on the 

 structure of the brain, does not admit the existence of this 

 sub-group, and no doubt it is a broken one ; thus the orang, 

 as Mr. St. G. Mivart remarks, 12 " is one of the most peculiar 

 and aberrant forms to be found in the order." The re- 

 maining, non-anthropomorphous, Old World monkeys, are 

 again divided by some naturalists into two or three 

 smaller sub-groups ; the genus Semnopithecus, with its 

 peculiar sacculated stomach, being the type of one such 

 snb-group. But it appears from M. Gaudry's wonderful dis- 

 coveries in Attica, that during the Miocene period a form 

 existed there, which connected Semnopithecus and Maca- 

 cus ; and this probably illustrates the manner in which 

 the other and higher groups were once blended together. 



If the anthropomorphous apes be admitted to form a 

 natural sub-group, then as man agrees with them, not 

 only in all those characters which he possesses in common 

 with the whole Catarhine group, but in other peculiar 

 characters, such as the absence of a tail and of callosities 

 and in general appearance, we may infer that some ancient 

 member of the anthropomorphous sub-group gave birth 

 to man. It is not probable that a member of one of the 

 other lower sub-groups should, through the law of analo- 

 gous variation, have given rise to a man-like creature, 



11 This is nearly the same classification as that provisionally adopted 

 by Mr. St. George Mivart (' Transact, Philosoph. Soc.' 1867, p. 300). 

 who, after separating the Lemurida?, divides the remainder of the 

 Primates into the Hominidoe, the Simiadse answering to the Catarhines, 

 the Cebidae, and the Hapalidae — these two latter groups answering to the 

 Platyrhines. 



12 'Transact. Zoolog. Soc' vol. vi. 1867, p. 214. 



